Gingivitis, Periodontitis
Conditions
Keywords
periodontitis, gingivitis, inflammation, inflammasome
Brief summary
Gum disease, including gingivitis and its more advanced form, periodontitis, is a common condition that damages the tissues supporting the teeth. This study examines how gum disease affects the expression of specific genes and proteins that regulate communication between internal cell structures and the clearance of damaged material. Researchers will collect small gum tissue samples from people with healthy gums, gingivitis, or periodontitis during dental procedures they are already undergoing. These samples will be used to measure the expression levels of the GFI1, NF-κB, and NLRP3 genes/proteins, along with IL-1beta levels. In a separate laboratory experiment, gum cells will be exposed to a substance produced by bacteria commonly associated with gum disease, to observe how these same genes and protein respond. The goal of this study is to better understand the biological changes that occur in gum tissue as gum disease progresses, which may help guide future research into new treatments.
Detailed description
Periodontal disease encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory conditions, from gingivitis to more advanced periodontitis, that progressively damage the tooth-supporting tissues. Although its pathogenesis has been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms driving the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues are not yet fully understood. Inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes known to regulate inflammatory processes, have been proposed to play a role in this pathogenesis, but the contribution of their regulatory proteins remains unclear. This study investigates the potential role of GFI-1, a regulator of inflammasome activity, in periodontal disease, along with its relationship to NLRP3, IL-1β, and NF-κB, structures known to be involved in inflammasome signaling and inflammatory regulation. The study consists of two complementary components. In the in vitro component, human gingival fibroblast cells will be stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis and/or ATP to model bacterially driven inflammatory activation. Gene expression levels of GFI-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, and NF-κB will be measured using RT-PCR to characterize how these structures respond to bacterial and inflammatory stimuli. In the clinical component, gingival tissue samples will be collected from patients with periodontal disease as well as from periodontally healthy individuals during dental procedures they are already undergoing. Gene and protein expression levels of GFI-1, NLRP3, IL-1β, and NF-κB in these tissues will be assessed using RT-PCR and Western blotting, and IL-1β protein levels will additionally be quantified by ELISA. By comparing findings from the in vitro and clinical components, this study aims to determine whether GFI-1 is dysregulated at the gene and protein level in periodontal disease and to clarify its potential role in disease pathogenesis. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms underlying periodontal disease and help inform future research into targeted therapeutic approaches.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Inonu University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Inclusion criteria for the Healthy Control group were: presence of ≥ 20 teeth in the mouth, probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤ 3 mm, the percentage of bleeding sites for the whole mouth \< 10%, and, on radiographic examination, a distance of ≤ 3 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest in 95% of all teeth. Inclusion criteria for the Gingivitis group were: presence of ≥ 20 teeth in the mouth, PPD ≤ 3 mm, % of bleeding sites for the whole mouth ≥ 10%, and, on radiographic examination, a distance of ≤ 3 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest in 95% of all teeth. Inclusion criteria for the Stage 3 Periodontitis group were: presence of ≥ 15 teeth in the mouth, more than 30% of teeth affected by periodontal disease, affected teeth exhibiting probing depths of 6 mm or more and clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ≥ 5 mm, vertical bone loss of 3 mm or more, class 2 or 3 furcation involvement, and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss extending to the middle third and beyond (33%) in the relevant teeth
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GFI1, NLRP3, NF-KB, IL-1beta Gene and Protein Expression | January to July 2024 | Gene expression (RT-PCR, relative fold change via 2\^-ΔΔCT method) and protein expression (Western blot, band intensity normalized to ACTB) of GFI1, NLRP3, NF-KB, IL-1beta were measured and compared in gingival tissue biopsies from participants with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed