Motor Coordination Assessment
Conditions
Keywords
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Psychometric Validation, Motor Coordination, Validity
Brief summary
Coordination is an essential component of motor control that supports the performance of daily activities and physical function. The Adolescents and Adults Coordination Questionnaire (AAC-Q) is a self-report instrument developed to identify coordination difficulties in individuals aged 16 years and older. However, a validated Turkish version is not currently available. This observational study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties, including validity and reliability, of the Turkish version of the AAC-Q in Turkish-speaking adults. Participants will complete the Turkish AAC-Q together with established measures of executive functioning, coordination, balance, manual dexterity, reaction time, and cognitive performance to assess construct and criterion validity. Test-retest reliability will also be evaluated.
Detailed description
Coordination is a fundamental motor control ability that enables individuals to perform purposeful, accurate, and efficient movements during daily activities. Reliable assessment of coordination is important for identifying motor difficulties, planning rehabilitation, and monitoring treatment outcomes in both clinical practice and research. The Adolescents and Adults Coordination Questionnaire (AAC-Q) is a self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate coordination difficulties in adolescents and adults. Although the questionnaire has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in its original language, no validated Turkish version is currently available. This prospective observational study aims to translate and culturally adapt the AAC-Q into Turkish and to evaluate its psychometric properties in Turkish-speaking adults. The adaptation process will include forward translation, backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. The Turkish version of the questionnaire will subsequently undergo comprehensive psychometric evaluation. Participants aged 18 to 35 years will complete the Turkish AAC-Q together with the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory. Coordination and motor performance will be assessed using the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test, Star Excursion Balance Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Ruler Drop Test, and Stroop Test. Construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability will be examined using established statistical methods.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Gulser CINBAZ
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Aged between 18 and 35 years * Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent * Able to read and understand Turkish sufficiently to complete the study questionnaires
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosis of a rheumatologic disease that may limit physical activity or is associated with chronic inflammation and/or joint deformities (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis) * Physical disability due to a neurological or orthopedic condition (e.g., stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, amputation, or orthopedic surgery within the previous 6 months) * History of a psychiatric disorder that may affect cognitive functioning (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) * Inadequate Turkish language proficiency * Visual impairment that may interfere with study assessments
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Turkish AAC-Q Score | Assessments will be performed at baseline and repeated 7-10 days later to evaluate test-retest reliability. | The Turkish version of the Adolescents and Adults Coordination Questionnaire (AAC-Q) is a 12-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess coordination difficulties in adolescents and adults. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater coordination difficulties. |
| Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Executive functioning will be assessed using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), a 14-item self-report questionnaire evaluating working memory and inhibition. Higher scores indicate greater executive functioning difficulties. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Lower extremity motor coordination will be evaluated using the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test. Participants will alternately touch two targets with the great toe for 20 seconds while seated. The average number of correct touches from two trials will be recorded. |
| Star Excursion Balance Test | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Dynamic balance will be assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test. Participants will reach in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while maintaining single-leg stance. The average reach distance from three trials in each direction will be recorded. |
| Nine-Hole Peg Test | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Manual dexterity and upper extremity coordination will be assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test. The time required to place and remove nine pegs will be recorded separately for each hand. |
| Ruler Drop Test | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Reaction time will be evaluated using the Ruler Drop Test. Participants will catch a falling ruler as quickly as possible, and the catching distance will be recorded as an indicator of reaction time. |
| Stroop Test | Assessments will be performed at baseline | Executive function, selective attention, cognitive flexibility, and resistance to interference will be assessed using the Stroop Test (Çapa Form). Completion time and error rate will be recorded. |
Outcome results
None listed