Anxiety, Depression, Stress
Conditions
Keywords
Mindfulness, Mindfulness-Based Intervention, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Reappraisal, Expressive Suppression, Psychological Resilience, College Students, Negative Emotions
Brief summary
This study examines whether a four-week mindfulness-based intervention can reduce depression, anxiety, and stress among college students in Guangzhou, China. It also investigates whether changes in mindfulness, emotion regulation, and psychological resilience may help explain the effects of the intervention. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either a mindfulness intervention group or a health education control group. The intervention group will receive weekly mindfulness-based training and complete brief daily mindfulness practice, while the control group will receive health education sessions. Participants will complete questionnaires assessing mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress before and after the intervention and at follow-up.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMindfulness-Based Intervention
Participants received a four-week mindfulness-based intervention consisting of one 90-minute group session per week and approximately 10 minutes of daily home practice. The program included mindful breathing, body scan practice, mindful movement, awareness of thoughts and emotions, and exercises for responding to stress. The intervention was adapted from mindfulness-based stress reduction principles for college students.
BEHAVIORALHealth Education
Participants received a four-week health education program consisting of one group session per week. The sessions addressed general stress management, emotional well-being, healthy lifestyle practices, and other health-related topics. The program did not include mindfulness meditation or formal mindfulness practice.
Sponsors
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* \- Full-time college students enrolled at a participating institution in Guangzhou, China. * Aged 18 to 30 years. * Able to read and understand Chinese. * Willing to provide informed consent. * Completed the initial questionnaire assessment. * Reported at least mild symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress on at least one subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. * Willing and able to participate in the four-week intervention and complete the required assessm
Exclusion criteria
* \- Currently receiving psychiatric or psychological treatment. * Diagnosed with a severe mental disorder or other severe psychopathology that could interfere with participation. * At acute risk of suicide or self-harm. * Currently participating in another psychological or mental health intervention. * Currently engaging in regular mindfulness meditation or enrolled in another mindfulness-based program. * Pregnant. * Having a physical or medical condition that prevents participation in the intervention activities. * Unable to complete the intervention or study assessments.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 | Baseline and immediately after the 4-week intervention | Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms will be assessed using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The scale contains three 7-item subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Each item is rated from 0 to 3. Subscale scores are summed and multiplied by two, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mindfulness Assessed by the 15-Item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Baseline and immediately after the 4-week intervention | Mindfulness will be assessed using the 15-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15). Items are rated on a Likert-type scale and summed to produce a total score, with higher scores indicating a higher level of mindfulness. |
| Change in Cognitive Reappraisal Assessed by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire | Baseline and immediately after the 4-week intervention | Cognitive reappraisal will be assessed using the 6-item cognitive reappraisal subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Items are rated from 1 to 7 and summed, with higher scores indicating greater use of cognitive reappraisal. |
| Change in Expressive Suppression Assessed by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire | Baseline and immediately after the 4-week intervention | Expressive suppression will be assessed using the 4-item expressive suppression subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Items are rated from 1 to 7 and summed, with higher scores indicating greater use of expressive suppression. |
| Change in Psychological Resilience Assessed by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale | Baseline and immediately after the 4-week intervention | Psychological resilience will be assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Item scores are summed to produce a total score, with higher scores indicating greater psychological resilience. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed