Analgesia, Pain, Postoperative
Conditions
Brief summary
Cesarean delivery is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide, and effective postoperative pain management is essential to facilitate early mobilization, maternal-infant bonding, breastfeeding, and overall recovery. Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) has become an increasingly utilized component of multimodal analgesia following cesarean delivery because it provides effective somatic analgesia of the lower anterior abdominal wall. Adjuvants such as dexamethasone are frequently added to local anesthetics with the aim of prolonging block duration and improving postoperative analgesia; however, evidence regarding the clinical benefits of dexamethasone as an adjunct in TFPB remains limited. At our institution, bilateral ultrasound-guided TFPB is routinely performed for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, provided there is no contraindication and informed consent has been obtained. According to the treating anesthesiologist's routine clinical preference, dexamethasone may be added to the local anesthetic solution in some patients, whereas others receive local anesthetic alone. This retrospective cohort study will review the medical records and postoperative follow-up forms of patients who underwent cesarean delivery between November 1, 2025, and June 30, 2026. Postoperative analgesic outcomes, including opioid consumption, pain scores, time to first analgesic request, postoperative nausea and vomiting, recovery quality, and block-related adverse events, will be compared between patients receiving bilateral TFPB with dexamethasone and those receiving bilateral TFPB without dexamethasone. The findings are expected to provide real-world evidence regarding the potential contribution of dexamethasone to the analgesic efficacy of bilateral TFPB following cesarean delivery.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Bahçeşehir University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female patients aged 18-50 years. * Elective cesarean delivery performed under spinal anesthesia. * Bilateral ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block performed for postoperative analgesia. * Availability of complete perioperative and postoperative follow-up records.
Exclusion criteria
* Emergency cesarean delivery. * General anesthesia or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. * Contraindication to transversalis fascia plane block. * Chronic opioid use. * Allergy to bupivacaine or dexamethasone. * Missing or incomplete postoperative follow-up data.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours | First 24 hours after surgery | Total opioid consumption delivered through the patient-controlled analgesia device during the first 24 hours after surgery, expressed in mg. Patients were instructed to use the PCA device when the Numeric Rating Scale pain score was 4 or higher. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative pain intensity | 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery | Pain intensity assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10). |
| Time to first analgesic request | Within the first 24 postoperative hours | Time from completion of surgery to the first patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) demand for postoperative analgesia. |
| Quality of postoperative recovery | 24 hours after surgery | Quality of recovery assessed using the Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 questionnaire. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed