Shoulder Pain, Scapular Dyskinesis, Core Endurance
Conditions
Brief summary
Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in adolescent volleyball players because of repetitive overhead activities such as serving and spiking. Although impaired scapular control and reduced core endurance have been suggested as potential contributors to shoulder pain, their combined relationship has not been sufficiently investigated in young volleyball athletes. This observational cross-sectional study aims to examine the relationship between shoulder pain, core endurance, and scapular control in licensed adolescent volleyball players aged 14 to 18 years. Participants with and without shoulder pain will undergo standardized assessments, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Scapular Dyskinesis Test for scapular control, and the McGill Core Endurance Test Battery for trunk muscle endurance. The findings are expected to improve the understanding of factors associated with shoulder pain and contribute to the development of injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for adolescent volleyball players.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTVisual Analog Scale (VAS)
Assessment of shoulder pain intensity using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale.
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTScapular Dyskinesis Test
Clinical assessment of scapular movement and control during repeated arm elevation.
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTMcGill Core Endurance Test Battery
Assessment of trunk muscle endurance using flexor, extensor, and lateral bridge endurance tests.
Sponsors
Istanbul Gelisim University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
14 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Female licensed volleyball players aged 14 to 18 years. * Participation in regular volleyball training at least three times per week. * Dominant upper extremity identified. * Ability to understand the study procedures and provide informed assent. * Written informed consent provided by a parent or legal guardian for participants younger than 18 years.
Exclusion criteria
* Shoulder surgery within the previous 6 months. * Acute upper extremity or spinal injury. * History of fracture affecting the upper extremity or spine. * Neurological disorders affecting upper extremity function. * Systemic rheumatologic disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Core Muscle Endurance | Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1) | Core muscle endurance will be assessed using the McGill Core Endurance Test Battery, including trunk flexor, extensor, and bilateral side bridge endurance tests. Endurance time will be recorded in seconds. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular Control | Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1) | Scapular control will be evaluated using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test. The presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis will be recorded during repeated arm elevation. |
| Shoulder Pain Intensity | Baseline (Single assessment, Day 1) | Shoulder pain intensity will be assessed using the 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed