Periodontitis
Conditions
Keywords
Non-surgical periodontal treatment, Dental Anxiety, Pain Perception, Menstrual cycle
Brief summary
This study evaluates the effect of menstrual cycle phases on pain perception and dental anxiety during non-surgical periodontal therapy in premenopausal women with Stage II and III periodontitis. Pain and anxiety levels were assessed using VAS and DAS scales in perimenstrual and postmenstrual phases. Periodontal treatment outcomes were also recorded before and after therapy.
Detailed description
This study investigated the influence of menstrual cycle phases on pain perception and anxiety levels during non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in systemically healthy premenopausal women diagnosed with Stage II and III periodontitis. A total of 36 participants were included. Clinical periodontal parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BoP), were recorded before and after NSPT. Pain perception was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and dental anxiety was evaluated using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS). NSPT was performed without local anesthesia using a split-mouth design. Outcomes were compared between perimenstrual and postmenstrual phases.
Interventions
PROCEDURENon Surgical Periodontal Treatment
Standard non-surgical periodontal therapy including scaling and root planing performed without local anesthesia.
Sponsors
Karadeniz Technical University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Female patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with Stage II and III periodontitis, systemically healthy, and not using medications affecting pain perception or hormonal status. Participants with regular menstrual cycles were included.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with systemic diseases, pregnancy or lactation, use of analgesic, anti-inflammatory or hormonal medications, smokers (if excluded), and those with irregular menstrual cycles were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain perception | Immediately after completion of each treatment session (session duration was not fixed and varied according to the extent of treatment required) | Pain perception during non-surgical periodontal therapy assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS; score range: 0-10), where higher scores indicate greater pain intensity, across menstrual cycle phases. |
| Dental Anxiety | Immediately after completion of each treatment session (session duration was not fixed and varied according to the extent of treatment required) | Dental anxiety during non-surgical periodontal therapy was assessed using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS; score range: 4-20). The scale consists of four questions related to different dental treatment situations, each with five response options of increasing intensity. Participants were asked to select the response that best reflected their level of anxiety. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety levels, across menstrual cycle phases. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) | Baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy | PPD was measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a periodontal probe, and mean values were calculated per participant. |
| Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) | Baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy | CAL was measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a periodontal probe, and mean values were calculated per participant. |
| Gingival Index (GI) | Baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy | GI was assessed at four sites per tooth to evaluate gingival inflammation, and mean scores were calculated per participant. |
| Plaque Index (PI) | Baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy | PI was assessed at four sites per tooth to evaluate plaque accumulation, and mean scores were calculated per participant. |
| Bleeding on Probing (BoP) | Baseline (pre-treatment) and 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy | BoP was recorded as the percentage of sites showing bleeding within 10 seconds after probing. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed