Diagnostic Accuracy of Educated Large Language Models in Endodontic Diagnosis and Case Difficulty Assessment

Accuracy of Educated Large Language Models Compared With Endodontic Experts in the Diagnosis and Difficulty Assessment of Endodontic Cases: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study

Status

Not yet recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT07706894

Enrollment

349

Registered

2026-07-16

Start date

2026-07-01

Completion date

2027-06-01

Last updated

2026-07-16

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Pulpal and Periapical Diseases

Brief summary

This diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of educated large language models (Educated ChatGPT (GPT-5.5 Pro), Educated Gemini 3.1 Pro, and Educated Claude Opus 4.7) in endodontic practice. Their ability to establish pulpal and periapical diagnoses and assess endodontic case difficulty will be compared with the reference standard established by a panel of endodontic experts. Clinical and radiographic information from patients presenting for primary endodontic treatment or nonsurgical endodontic retreatment will be provided to both the AI models and the expert panel. The primary outcomes are the sensitivity, specificity, and the overall accuracy of the educated LLMs, with the objective of determining their potential role as reliable decision-support tools in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Interventions

DIAGNOSTIC_TESTChatGPT, Gemini, Calude

Three educated large language models (LLMs) will be evaluated in this study: Educated ChatGPT (GPT-5.5 Pro, OpenAI), Educated Gemini 3.1 Pro (Google), and Educated Claude Opus 4.7 (Anthropic).

Study design

Observational model

OTHER

Time perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

16 Years to No maximum

Inclusion criteria

1. Age above 16 years old. 2. Requiring primary endodontic treatment or retreatment. 3. Availability of complete clinical examination records. 4. Availability of diagnostic radiographs. 5. Restorable teeth. 6. Patient's acceptance to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

1. Incomplete records 2. Pregnant women. 3. No restorability: Hopeless tooth. 4. Traumatic dental injuries 5. Periapical radiographic images of sub-optimal quality or artifacts/high scatter interfering with proper assessment.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Endodontic diagnosis according to AAE	baseline	Pulpal and periapical diagnosis

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
Difficulty assessment according to AAE	baseline

Outcome results

None listed

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Jul 17, 2026