Abdominal Distension, Constipation - Functional
Conditions
Keywords
Children, Stress Ball, Video Distraction, Fear, Anxiety, Pain
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use and video distraction during enema administration on fear, anxiety, and pain levels in children treated in the pediatric emergency department. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the stress ball group or the video distraction group. Fear, anxiety, and pain will be assessed using validated measurement tools before, during, and after the procedure. The findings are expected to provide evidence for effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve children's comfort during enema administration.
Detailed description
This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects of stress ball use and video distraction during enema administration on fear, anxiety, and pain levels in children aged 6-12 years treated in the pediatric emergency department. A total of 72 children will be randomly assigned to either the stress ball group or the video distraction group using block randomization. Fear, anxiety, and pain will be assessed using the Child Fear Scale (CFS), the Children's Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-S), and the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence for effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve children's comfort during enema administration. The study will be conducted at the Pediatric Emergency Department of Manisa Merkez Efendi State Hospital.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALStress Ball
Participants will hold and squeeze an individual stress ball throughout the enema administration as a distraction technique.
BEHAVIORALVideo Distraction
Participants will watch a 3-minute aquarium video accompanied by Mozart music during enema administration to provide audiovisual distraction.
Sponsors
Manisa Celal Bayar University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two parallel intervention groups: a stress ball group or a video distraction group during enema administration. Outcomes will be compared between the two groups.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Children aged 6-12 years Admitted to the pediatric emergency department Scheduled for enema administration due to functional constipation or abdominal distension Able to communicate in Turkish No cognitive or neurological impairment No diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder No analgesic medication use within the previous 6 hours Written informed consent provided by the parent or legal guardian and assent provided by the child
Exclusion criteria
Acute abdominal conditions requiring emergency surgery Diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease or inflammatory bowel disease Severe visual or hearing impairment that prevents participation Refusal of the child or parent to participate Inability to complete the study procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fear Level | Before and immediately after enema administration. | Fear level measured using the Child Fear Scale (CFS). Fear will be assessed using the Child Fear Scale (CFS). The scale ranges from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater fear and a worse outcome. |
| Anxiety Level | Before and immediately after enema administration. | Anxiety level measured using the Children's Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-S). Anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Anxiety Scale-State (CAS-S). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety and a worse outcome. |
| Pain Level | Immediately after enema administration | Pain level measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity and a worse outcome. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed