Endometrial Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
progressive muscle relaxation, pain, anxiety, comfort, premenopausal
Brief summary
This study was designed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises performed before endometrial biopsy on pain, anxiety levels, and patient comfort in premenopausal women.
Detailed description
This study aims to implement progressive muscle relaxation exercises to control and minimize feelings such as pain, anxiety, and discomfort experienced by women prior to undergoing endometrial biopsy procedures for diagnostic and screening purposes during the premenopausal period. The study aims to examine whether the application of progressive muscle relaxation exercises results in a reduction in pre-procedure anxiety and an increase in comfort among women.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALprogressive muscle relaxation exercise
progressive muscle relaxation exercise
Sponsors
Uskudar University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Intervention model description
progressive muscle relaxation exercise and control
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
40 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Endometrial biopsy request must be performed using an endometrial biopsy cannula (Pipelle). * Aged 40 years or older with irregular cycles. * At least a primary school graduate. * No impediment to performing progressive relaxation exercises. * The patient's consent to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of any physical or mental disability. * The patient's refusal to participate in the study. * Presence of any neurological or psychiatric disorder/use of medication * Having entered menopause. * Having a disease that could prevent the exercises from being performed (musculoskeletal problems, asthma, etc.). * The patient having previously undergone an abortion, endometrial biopsy, or endocervical biopsy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | 2 months | Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a simple, reliable, and widely used unidimensional measure of subjective pain intensity (Hawker et al., 2011). The scale consists of a 10-cm horizontal or vertical line anchored by two descriptors representing the extremes of pain (0 = "no pain" and 10 = "worst imaginable pain"). Participants were asked to mark on the line the point that best represented their pain intensity. The score was determined by measuring the distance (in millimeters) from the "no pain" anchor to the participant's mark. It has been shown to correlate well with other clinical pain assessment tools and is frequently used in both research and clinical settings for its ease of use and sensitivity(Jensen et al., 1986). |
| State Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form I) | 2 months | State anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form I), originally developed by Spielberger and colleagues to measure situational anxiety levels. The scale consists of 20 items evaluating how individuals feel "at the moment," rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 4 = very much so). The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Öner and Le Compte. The scale includes both direct and reverse-scored items (10 reverse items: 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20). Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety levels. In the present study, the internal consistency of the STAI was high (Cronbach's α = 0.888). |
| General Comfort Questionaire (GCQ) | 2 months | Comfort was assessed using the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ), developed by Kolcaba based on the taxonomic structure of comfort theory, which includes three levels and four dimensions. The 48-item instrument is rated on a 4-point Likert scale and includes both positively and negatively worded items; negative items are reverse scored. Total scores range from 48 to 192, with higher scores indicating greater comfort. The final score is calculated by dividing the total score by the number of items, yielding a mean score between 1 and 4. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Karabacak and Kuğuoğlu, reporting a Cronbach's α of 0.85. In the present study, the internal consistency of the GCQ was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.926). Subscale reliability coefficients were 0.915 for Relief, 0.908 for Ease, and 0.899 for Transcendence, indicating high reliability. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed