Fear of Childbirth Pregnancy Childbirth Education Birth Preferences
Conditions
Keywords
Fear of Childbirth, Health Belief Model, Self-Efficacy, Childbirth Education, Nulliparous Pregnant Women, Birth Preference, Mode of Delivery, Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a Health Belief Model- and Self-Efficacy Theory-based childbirth preparation education on fear of childbirth, childbirth self-efficacy, birth preferences, and childbirth preparation behaviors among nulliparous pregnant women. Eligible nulliparous pregnant women between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a structured childbirth preparation education program consisting of four sessions in addition to routine antenatal care, while the control group will receive routine antenatal care only. Data will be collected before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, during follow-up in late pregnancy, and after childbirth. The findings of this study may contribute to improving childbirth-related outcomes by reducing fear of childbirth and enhancing self-efficacy and preparedness for birth.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHealth Belief Model and Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Childbirth Preparation Education
A four-session structured educational program designed to reduce fear of childbirth and improve childbirth self-efficacy, birth preferences, and childbirth preparation behaviors among nulliparous pregnant women.
Participants will receive routine antenatal care and standard pregnancy education services provided by the health institution. No structured childbirth preparation education based on the Health Belief Model or Self-Efficacy Theory will be provided.
Sponsors
Sibel Akgül Kartal
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Outcome assessment and statistical analyses will be performed using coded data. Group allocation will be concealed from the data analyst to minimize assessment bias.
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a Health Belief Model- and Self-Efficacy Theory-based childbirth preparation education program in addition to routine antenatal care, while the control group will receive routine antenatal care only. The education program consists of four structured sessions. Participants will remain in their assigned groups throughout the study, and outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, follow-up during late pregnancy, and postpartum.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Female Aged 18 years or older Nulliparous pregnancy Between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation Able to communicate in Turkish Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
High-risk pregnancy Diagnosis or treatment of a psychiatric disorder Any condition that may interfere with communication or participation in the educational sessions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Fear of Childbirth | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). | Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ A). Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear of childbirth. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Childbirth Self-Efficacy | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). | Childbirth self-efficacy will be assessed using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory Short Form (CBSEI-C32). Higher scores indicate higher levels of childbirth self-efficacy. |
| Birth Preference | Baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation) | Birth preference will be assessed using the Pregnant Women's Preferences for Mode of Delivery Questionnaire. Higher scores indicate a stronger preference for vaginal birth. |
| Childbirth Preparation Behaviors | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). | Childbirth preparation behaviors will be assessed using the Childbirth Preparation Behavior Form developed by the researchers. The questionnaire evaluates the extent to which pregnant women engage in behaviors to prepare for childbirth. Higher scores indicate better childbirth preparation behaviors. |
| Actual Mode of Delivery | At the time of childbirth. | Actual mode of delivery will be recorded using the Birth Record Form and categorized as vaginal birth or cesarean birth. |
Contacts
CONTACTsibel akgül kartal
Outcome results
None listed