Anesthesia Complication, Postoperative Complication, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Conditions
Keywords
postoperative nausea and vomiting, post-anaesthesia care unit, apfel score, risk factors, prospective cohort
Brief summary
The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and identify its risk factors in adult patients recovering in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) after elective surgery at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the incidence of PONV among adult patients during their PACU stay? * Which patient-, anaesthesia-, and surgery-related factors are independently associated with the occurrence of PONV? Participants who undergo elective surgery under any anaesthetic technique (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation) will be observed for nausea and vomiting from PACU admission until discharge. Researchers will also record the following variables for each participant: * Patient factors: age, sex, smoking history, and history of motion sickness or prior PONV * Anaesthesia factors: type of anaesthesia, intraoperative opioid use, and PONV prophylaxis use * Surgical factors: type of surgery and surgical duration
Interventions
OTHERRoutine perioperative anaesthesia care
Participants undergo elective surgery with anaesthesia as part of their standard clinical care. No additional intervention is administered by the research team. The study observes participants during their routine post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and records exposure to anaesthesia-related factors (type of anaesthesia, opioid use, PONV prophylaxis) and surgical factors (surgery type, duration) as they occur in clinical practice.
Sponsors
Indonesia University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Adult patients aged 18 years or older * Scheduled to undergo elective surgery under any type of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia, spinal, epidural, or sedation) * ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification I-IV * Fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of nausea or vomiting before anaesthesia induction * Use of Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) technique * Preoperative use of opioids or other emetogenic medications * Patient or legal guardian refuses informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (PONV) during PACU stay | Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay) | PONV is defined as any episode of nausea (sensation of wanting to vomit without expulsive muscle movement) or vomiting (active expulsion of gastrointestinal contents) occurring after surgery with anaesthesia (general, spinal, epidural, or sedation). Assessed by direct clinical observation and patient interview during PACU monitoring. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Severity of PONV | Immediate postoperative period (Postoperative Day 0; during PACU stay) | Severity of PONV as assessed by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), severe (7-10) |
Countries
Indonesia
Outcome results
None listed