Mosquito Bite, Mosquito Repellent
Conditions
Keywords
mosquito repellent, efficacy test, mosquito bite, protection time
Brief summary
Human Volunteer Participation: A total of six (6) healthy adult volunteers participated in the study, including three males and three females aged between 18 and 22 years. The volunteers participated in: * Arm-in-Cage Test Procedure * Dermatological Safety Test All participants were: * Non-tobacco users * Free from dermatosis or chronic skin disease * Free from known allergic reactions to arthropod bites or mosquito repellents * Informed regarding the objectives, procedures, risks, and benefits of the study Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers before participation. Participants were instructed not to apply perfumes, aromatics, skincare products, or other mosquito repellents on the hands for at least 12 hours before and during the experiment to minimize experimental bias. Safety and Ethical Considerations: 1. All experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. 2. Appropriate safety precautions and monitoring procedures were maintained throughout the study. 3. Volunteers retained the right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalty. 4. Confidentiality and anonymity of volunteer information were strictly maintained. 5. No severe physical or psychological risk was associated with participation. 6. Immediate medical support and first-aid facilities were available during experimentation.
Interventions
DEVICEMosquito Repellent Products (Topical and Spatial Formulations)
Specialized rubber gloves designed to expose only a 4 × 4 cm area of dorsal hand skin while protecting the rest of the hand. Gloves were replaced between trials to prevent cross-contamination or residual repellent effects.
Sponsors
Military Institute of science and Technology
Texas A&M University
University of Washington
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Switzerland)
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Tsinghua University
University of Basel
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Masking description
This study was conducted as an open-label evaluation of commercially available mosquito repellent products. Neither the participants nor the investigators were blinded to the identity of the tested products because the formulations (coils, vaporizers, sprays, creams, and natural repellents) differed substantially in appearance, mode of application, and operation. Outcome measurements included repellency efficacy, protection duration, dermatological safety, and user-reported observations.
Intervention model description
Six healthy adult volunteers (three males and three females, aged 18-22 years) participated in the study. All volunteers underwent the Arm-in-Cage repellency bioassay and dermatological safety testing. Each participant was exposed to multiple commercially available mosquito repellent products according to the study protocol, allowing comparative assessment of efficacy, protection duration, and skin safety. No separate participant groups were established; therefore, all participants belonged to a single study arm.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* healthy adult volunteers participated
Exclusion criteria
* Sick and children
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Mosquito Landings on the Treated Forearm During the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application. | The number of mosquito landings on the treated forearm will be counted during each exposure period using the standardized WHO Arm-in-Cage Test with 50 unfed female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. |
| Number of Confirmed Mosquito Bites During the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after repellent application. | The number of confirmed mosquito bites occurring on the treated forearm will be recorded during each exposure period. |
| Complete Protection Time Measured by the WHO Arm-in-Cage Test | Up to 8 hours after application. | Complete Protection Time is defined as the elapsed time from repellent application until the first confirmed mosquito landing or bite. |
| Percentage Protection Against Mosquito Landing | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after application | Percentage protection will be calculated by comparing the number of mosquito landings on treated skin with the corresponding control observations. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Skin Reactions | Within 8 hours after application. | The number of participants experiencing erythema, itching, rash, burning sensation, or other treatment-related skin reactions after topical repellent application. |
Countries
Bangladesh
Outcome results
None listed