Lung Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
lung cancer, artificial intelligence, Intraoperative diagnosis
Brief summary
This study aims to evaluate whether femtosecond laser imaging combined with FastLung AI model can provide intraoperative diagnostic performance that is non-inferior to standard frozen section diagnosis for pulmonary nodules or suspected pulmonary tumor lesions. Patients scheduled for lung surgery and requiring intraoperative pathological assessment will be prospectively enrolled. After tumor excision, the fresh tumor specimen will be bisected through the central plane. One half will be used for standard frozen section diagnosis, and the mirrored counterpart will be used for femtosecond laser imaging. Both diagnostic results will be compared with the final paraffin-embedded pathological diagnosis as the reference standard. The results of femtosecond laser imaging will not guide intraoperative clinical decision-making.
Detailed description
This is a prospective, multicenter, paired diagnostic accuracy study designed to evaluate the non-inferiority of femtosecond laser imaging compared with standard frozen section diagnosis for intraoperative assessment of pulmonary nodules or suspected pulmonary tumor lesions. Eligible patients with pulmonary nodules, pulmonary space-occupying lesions, or suspected pulmonary tumor lesions who are scheduled to undergo surgical resection and require intraoperative pathological assessment will be prospectively enrolled from participating centers. After surgical excision of the tumor specimen, the fresh specimen will be bisected through the central plane. One half of the specimen will be submitted for routine frozen section diagnosis, while the mirrored counterpart will be used for femtosecond laser imaging. This paired design is intended to allow spatially corresponding comparison between the two diagnostic methods while preserving routine clinical workflow. Frozen section diagnosis will be performed according to standard intraoperative pathological procedures and will continue to guide intraoperative clinical decision-making. Femtosecond laser imaging will be performed on fresh tissue specimens for research purposes. The imaging results will be recorded for diagnostic performance evaluation but will not be used to guide intraoperative surgical decisions. The diagnostic results of femtosecond laser imaging and frozen section diagnosis will both be compared with the final paraffin-embedded pathological diagnosis, which will serve as the reference standard. The primary objective is to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of femtosecond laser imaging is non-inferior to that of frozen section diagnosis. Secondary objectives may include comparisons of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic concordance, and intraoperative assessment time between the two methods.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTFemtosecond Laser Imaging
Fresh surgical specimens will be examined intraoperatively using femtosecond laser imaging. The imaging results will be recorded for diagnostic performance evaluation and compared with final paraffin pathology. The results will not guide intraoperative clinical decision-making.
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTFrozen Section Diagnosis
Fresh tumor specimens will be evaluated intraoperatively by standard frozen section pathology. After the tumor is bisected through the central plane, one half of the specimen will be submitted for frozen section diagnosis, while the mirrored counterpart will be used for femtosecond laser imaging. Frozen section diagnosis will be used for routine intraoperative clinical decision-making and will also be compared with final paraffin pathology.
Sponsors
Shanghai Chest Hospital
Femtosecond Applications and Research (Guangzhou)
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 90 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Preoperative imaging suggests a pulmonary nodule, pulmonary space-occupying lesion, or suspected pulmonary tumor lesion. 2. The participant is scheduled to undergo pulmonary wedge resection, segmentectomy, lobectomy, or other pulmonary surgery. 3. Fresh lung tissue specimens can be obtained intraoperatively for femtosecond laser imaging. 4. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis is planned to assess the nature of the tumor lesion. 5. Corresponding postoperative paraffin-embedded pathological diagnosis can be obtained. 6. The participant or the participant's legally authorized representative has signed the written informed consent form. 7. Patients had not received any antitumor treatment prior to enrollment or specimen collection, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or other systemic anticancer treatments.
Exclusion criteria
1. The intraoperative specimen is insufficient and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements for routine clinical pathological diagnosis and research-related testing. 2. The specimen shows severe carbonization, necrosis, compression, contamination, or improper preservation, and the investigator determines that effective imaging cannot be completed. 3. The femtosecond laser imaging specimen cannot be matched with the corresponding lesion assessed by final paraffin pathology. 4. Final paraffin-embedded pathological diagnosis cannot be obtained. 5. The participant withdraws informed consent. 6. Other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, make the participant unsuitable for this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Non-inferiority performance threshold | From intraoperative diagnosis to final paraffin pathology confirmation, up to 30 days after surgery. | To determine whether FLI combined with Fast Lung achieves the prespecified non-inferiority performance threshold for benign-malignant diagnosis of the patient-level primary target lesion, using final FFPE histopathology as the reference standard. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Workflow turnaround time | From intraoperative diagnosis to final paraffin pathology confirmation, up to 30 days after surgery. | To compare workflow turnaround time for FLI + Fast Lung and routine frozen-section pathology. |
| Accuracy for invasive versus non-invasive/minimally invasive adenocarcinoma-spectrum lesions. | From intraoperative diagnosis to final paraffin pathology confirmation, up to 30 days after surgery. | To evaluate the accuracy of Fast Lung for invasive versus non-invasive/minimally invasive adenocarcinoma-spectrum lesions. |
| Sensitivity | From intraoperative diagnosis to final paraffin pathology confirmation, up to 30 days after surgery. | To estimate the sensitivity of Fast Lung for malignant lesions using FFPE histopathology as the reference standard. |
| Specificity | From intraoperative diagnosis to final paraffin pathology confirmation, up to 30 days after surgery. | To estimate the specificity of Fast Lung for benign lesions using FFPE histopathology as the reference standard. |
Countries
China
Contacts
CONTACTXinghua Cheng, Dr. PhD.
Outcome results
None listed