Type 2 Diabetes
Conditions
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, acceptance, Latino, Hispanic, Latinx, military, health coach, paraprofessional, virtual, telehealth, acceptance and committment therapy, diabetes distress, blood glucose, HbA1c, veteran, military treatment facility, randomized controlled trial, quality of life, values
Brief summary
People of Hispanic or Latino/a/x ("H/L") ethnicity, including US military servicemembers, Veterans, and their families, experience a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and more challenges managing diabetes than non-Hispanic White populations. Uncontrolled diabetes is linked with lower quality of life, diabetes-related emotional distress, and severe medical problems. There are many reasons for this difference, including lack of culturally appropriate and bilingual Spanish healthcare services. Additionally, military patients may have additional barrier accessing behavioral health care, which an important part of treatment for many people with diabetes, such as stigma and unique schedule challenges. Therefore, this study aims to overcome these barriers and improve healthcare and health outcomes for H/L military patients. The investigators will test a values-based behavior change program, delivered using video telehealth by a bilingual English-Spanish language health coach. The 10-week Acceptance Based Coping (ABaCo) skills program includes 7 virtually-delivered lessons and was developed by the study team in partnership with civilian community health workers and patients. This study will test the helpfulness of ABaCo delivered by a health coach fluent in English and Spanish to military H/L patients. This randomized controlled trial will examine changes in physical and mental health over 6 months for those who receive ABaCo, compared to those who receive usual healthcare. This project will also identify steps for implementing the ABaCo program in other military treatment facilities. The ultimate goal of this study is to establish a helpful, easy-to-access, widely available program for H/L military patients with type 2 diabetes that improves quality of life and blood sugar control, and lowers distress about diabetes. This study will also identify best approaches to providing ABaCo in military treatment facilities, providing lessons learned to other large healthcare systems.
Detailed description
Hispanic/Latino/a/x ("H/L") populations, including US military and Veteran patients, experience a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and more challenges with glycemic control than non-Hispanic White populations. Poor glycemic control is linked with lower quality of life, diabetes-related distress and devastating medical complications. Contributors to this health disparity are multifaceted and include a lack of culturally appropriate and language-concordant healthcare. Additionally, in military populations, significant schedule demands and stigma about behavioral health care and may preclude optimal diabetes treatment. This study will address these barriers by testing a values-based behavior change program, delivered by a bilingual English-Spanish health coach, to enhance diabetes care for H/L military patients. The 10-week Acceptance Based Coping (ABaCo) skills program includes 7 virtually-delivered lessons and was developed by the study team in partnership with civilian community health workers and patients and could improve care for H/L military patients with T2DM. The study aims are to: (1) Examine the effectiveness of ABaCo delivered by a health coach to military H/L patients through a randomized controlled trial and (2) Identify barriers and facilitators to implementation at the patient and clinic levels and assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing ABaCo in a military treatment facility. If successful, this study will establish an accessible and effective self-management-enhancement program that improves quality of life, psychological health and glycemic control for H/L military patients with T2DM; and identify implementation factors informing future scalability and sustainability of ABaCo at military treatment facilities.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAcceptance Based Coping (ABaCo) Skills Program
The ABaCo program is a brief, bilingual and culturally appropriate educational program delivered virtually, based on the principles of Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT, a type of behavior therapy, empowers patients to engage in values-consistent activities, even in the context of great distress or adversity. ACT facilitates behavior change and good health outcomes by focusing on patient values and targeting avoidance coping (i.e., "experiential avoidance"). Thus, the ABaCo program was designed to help patients increase acceptance of difficult thoughts, feelings and experiences (e.g., cravings, diabetes-related distress, etc), ultimately helping them to care for their diabetes in a personally meaningful way, aligned with their valued life areas. ABaCo is delivered virtually over 6 consecutive weeks (1hr/each lesson) with a booster lesson at week 10.
Sponsors
Baylor College of Medicine
American Diabetes Association
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine
Brooke Army Medical Center
59th Medical Wing
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients ages 18-70 * Diagnosis of T2DM * Current HbA1c (drawn within 6 months) of 7% or greater (may be taking oral agents or injectables for diabetes control) * Evidence of avoidance coping (score \<48.4 \[published mean\] on the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire) or poor self-management skills (score \< published mean on 2+ subscales of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care, Activities) * Self-described as Hispanic/Latino/Latina/Latinx * Preferred language of English or Spanish, (g) receiving care at the study site clinic.
Exclusion criteria
* End-stage renal disease (on dialysis) * A medical condition or life circumstance that would contraindicate participation * Proliferative diabetic retinopathy precluding participation * Inability to read/comprehend the informed consent process or study instructions * Pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health 10 (PROMIS Global-10) | Baseline, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 24 weeks | 10 Likert-scale items validated in English and Spanish assess global health-related quality of life in two areas: Physical and Global Mental Health, including functioning, emotional distress, interference, and overall quality of life, from Excellent to Poor. Scores range from 4-20 and are typically converted to T-scores; higher scores represent better health related quality of life. |
| Hba1c (Glycated hemoglobin) | Baseline, 24 weeks | Average blood glucose levels in past 3 months; higher percentages reflect higher levels (worse glycemic control). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Distress Scale | Baseline, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 24 weeks | 17 Likert-type scale validated in English and Spanish; diabetes-related distress with subscales Emotional Burden, Physician Distress, Regimen Distress, Interpersonal Distress. The final score and subscale scores are calculated as averages (means) ranging from 1-6; higher scores indicate greater diabetes distress. |
| Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities | Baseline, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 24 weeks | 12-item Likert-type scale validated in English and Spanish, measuring engagement in recent self-care activities: medication adherence, glucose testing, diet, exercise, foot care, smoking, and general diabetes self-care. The SDSCA can be scored multiple ways; study investigators developed a composite score representing engagement in self-care activities over the past 7 days. Scores are averaged and range from 0 to 7; higher scores indicate a greater frequency of engagement in self-care activities. |
| Acceptance & Action Diabetes Questionnaire | Baseline, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 24 weeks | 11 Likert-type items (10 in Spanish), validated in English and Spanish, assess acceptance of distressing diabetes thoughts/feelings and their interference. Scores range from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating poorer diabetes acceptance/greater experiential diabetes-related avoidance. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTAmanda Leal
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORKathryn E Kanzler, PsyD
Baylor College of Medicine
Outcome results
None listed