Therapeutic Adherence and Compliance
Conditions
Keywords
pain, fair of pain, Intramuscular Injection, nursing, Therapeutic Touch
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of therapeutic touch on pain intensity associated with intramuscular injection and to examine the relationship between fear of pain and injection-related pain. Participants are assigned to either a therapeutic touch group or a control group. Pain intensity is assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and fear of pain is assessed using the Fear of Pain Questionnaire.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSupportive Hand-Holding
This intervention involves supportive hand-holding by the patient's companion during the intramuscular injection. Immediately before the injection, the researcher briefly demonstrated to the companion how the hand should be held and provided simple guidance. During the injection, the companion held the patient's hand with both hands, offering a calm, silent, and emotionally supportive presence. The nurse was responsible only for administering the intramuscular injection and monitoring clinical safety; the nurse did not participate in the intervention itself. After the injection, the patient's pain level was assessed using the VAS scale based on self-report.
Sponsors
Kilis 7 Aralik University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Being between 18 and 60 years of age, * Being literate, * Being able to complete the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ) without missing items, * Having no known allergy or contraindication to pheniramine hydrogen maleate, * Not having lower respiratory tract disease/asthma and not being in pregnancy or lactation period, * Having normal consciousness (adequate orientation and ability to follow commands), * Not having a severe mood disorder.
Exclusion criteria
* Incomplete completion of the questionnaire/scale during the study, * Having medical conditions that may affect pain perception, such as peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, or diabetes.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain Intensity (VAS Score) | Immediately after the intramuscular injection (within 2 minutes). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed