Breathing Exercises, Fatigue Recovery, Nursing Care, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
pain, nursing care, fatigue, breathing exercises, open heart surgery
Brief summary
This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effect of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted respiratory training on fatigue, pain, and respiratory parameters in patients after open heart surgery.
Detailed description
Open heart surgery and related procedures (such as sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and chest tubes) can negatively affect pulmonary functions and cause postoperative pain, fatigue, and limited respiratory muscle function. While standard care involves respiratory exercises, there is insufficient data regarding the combination of upper extremity Range of Motion (ROM) exercises with deep breathing. This study will utilize AI-generated educational videos, created using tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Adobe Firefly, to guide patients in performing these exercises safely and correctly. Participants will be randomized into three groups: a Rhythmic Breathing group, a Range of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DB) group, and a Control group. The interventions will be applied for three consecutive days. The study will evaluate outcomes including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, pain levels, fatigue, dyspnea, and chest tube drainage volume.
Interventions
OTHERRhythmic Breathing Group
Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. Following the visual and auditory instructions in the video, they will perform a rhythmic breathing exercise consisting of inhaling for 3 seconds, holding the breath for 3 seconds, and exhaling for 3 seconds. The exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.
OTHERRange of Motion-Deep Breathing (ROM-DN) Group
Patients in this group will watch an artificial intelligence-generated educational video on a tablet. They will perform upper extremity range of motion (abduction and adduction) exercises synchronized with deep inspiration and expiration. This exercise will be performed for 5 repetitions, once a day, for 3 consecutive days under the supervision of the researcher.
Sponsors
Kocaeli University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients undergoing elective open heart surgery. * Conscious. * Speaks and understands Turkish. * Has a chest tube inserted (on the right and/or left side). * No visual, auditory, or mental problems. * Willing to participate in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* Undergoing concurrent other chest surgery or having a history of re-surgery. * Development of early postoperative complications (e.g., atelectasis) within 0-3 days. * Any loss of an extremity. * Long-term immobilization and intubation. * Development of severe post-surgery infections (such as mediastinitis or sepsis) or respiratory complications (such as pneumonia or atelectasis).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Respiratory Rate | Evaluated at baseline (before intervention), and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Measured continuously as breaths per minute while the patient is at rest. |
| Change in Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Measured as a percentage (%) using a noninvasive pulse oximeter |
| Change in Heart Rate | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Measured as beats per minute at rest using a noninvasive patient monitor. |
| Pain Level | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Evaluated using the self-reported Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no pain and "10" indicates unbearable pain. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. |
| Fatigue Level | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where "0" indicates no fatigue and "10" indicates unbearable fatigue. Higher scores represent increased fatigue. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Dyspnea Level | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | Evaluated using the Modified Borg Scale (CR-10), a category-ratio scale ranging from 0 (nothing at all) to 10. Higher scores indicate higher perceived exertion/dyspnea. |
| Chest Tube Drainage Level | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session). | The fluid level change in the chest tube drainage system, measured in centimeters (cm). |
| Presence of Chest Tube Tidaling | Evaluated at baseline, and Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (measured both before and 5 minutes after the exercise session) | Observational evaluation of fluid movement (tidaling) in the drainage system, recorded categorically as "movement present" or "no movement". |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTYaren Yurdakul, BSC
CONTACTYasemin Özhanlı, PHD
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORYaren Yurdakul, BSC
Kocaeli University
STUDY_CHAIRYasemin Özhanlı, PHD
Kocaeli University
Outcome results
None listed