Bruxism, Bruxism, Sleep, Bruxism, Sleep-Related
Conditions
Keywords
bruxism, sleep bruxism, aromatherapy, lavender oil, marjoram oil, vetiver oil, essentials oil, masticatory muscle, masseter muscle, ultrasonography, myofascial pain
Brief summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the use of lavender, marjoram and vetiver oil via inhalation and/or massage application on the treatment of bruxism.
Detailed description
Bruxism is a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Due to increasing evidence suggesting that it may serve a physiological purpose, bruxism has been defined as jaw muscle activity that may occur during sleep and/or wakefulness. Various methods have been proposed for the treatment of bruxism. These treatment approaches include pharmacological treatments (such as muscle relaxants and clonazepam), orthopedic treatments (such as stabilization splints and rigid stabilization appliances), needling treatments (including acupuncture, botulinum toxin type A, and dry needling), physical and behavioral approaches (such as relaxation training, stress management, biofeedback, and sleep hygiene instructions), manual treatments including exercises (trigger point therapy, soft tissue techniques, exercises, postural corrections, joint mobilizations, and cervical spine treatment), and other physical therapy modalities (including low-level laser therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, and short-wave diathermy). Manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and their combination have been shown to effectively reduce pain and improve mandibular function. Massage therapy, which activates the pain-gate mechanism, is an effective treatment option for pain relief. It also stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system and helps restore muscle length and flexibility. In addition, massage therapy improves local blood circulation and promotes the production of endogenous opioids, leading to relaxing effects and reduced pain perception. These effects are of particular interest in the management of bruxism; however, this treatment approach has not been adequately investigated despite its promising results. Massage therapy can be combined with aromatherapy, one of the most commonly used complementary therapy methods. Its therapeutic effects are based on stimulation of the olfactory system and absorption of active molecules through the skin. Various studies have investigated the analgesic effects of aromatherapy massage using lavender essential oil. Lavandula angustifolia is a well-known medicinal and aromatic plant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In addition, it has antiseptic, soothing, circulation-stimulating, and cell-regenerating effects. Lavender oil has been reported to reduce pain in patients with various conditions, including neuropathic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, burns, and cancer-related pain. Apart from lavender oil, marjoram oil may contribute to pain control and anxiety reduction, while vetiver oil is known for its sedative effects. However, the effects of aromatherapy massage using these essential oils have not been adequately investigated in patients with bruxism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of lavender, marjoram, and vetiver essential oils administered through aromatherapy massage in patients with bruxism. Objective outcomes will be assessed through ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle, while subjective outcomes will be evaluated using patient-reported questionnaires. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of complementary treatment approaches for the management of bruxism.
Interventions
OTHERAromatherapy with Essential Oil Blend (Lavender, Marjoram, Vetiver)
Participants receive aromatherapy using a proprietary essential oil blend (Lavender Lavandula angustifolia, Marjoram Origanum majorana, and Vetiver Vetiveria zizanioides; Art De Huile®, formulated by Hülya Kayhan). The blend is administered by inhalation twice daily and extraoral massage once daily throughout the study period.
OTHERCarrier Oil (Sesame Oil)
Participants receive carrier oil (sesame oil) administered through inhalation and extraoral massage according to the same protocol used in the intervention group.
Sponsors
Necmettin Erbakan University
Ankara University
Izmir Katip Celebi University
Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Participants with bruxism are assigned to one of two parallel groups. The intervention group receives aromatherapy with lavender, marjoram, and vetiver essential oils administered through inhalation and massage, while the control group receives carrier oil with the same massage protocol. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and during follow-up using ultrasonographic measurements and patient-reported questionnaires.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* • Patients between 18-25 * Patients with full dentition including 2nd molars * Patients without facial asymmetry * Patients without history of sensitivity or allergy to plants * Patients without olfactory disorders
Exclusion criteria
* • Patients with systemic (asthma history) and/or neuromuscular disease * Patients with orofacial pain not caused by bruxism * Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery or injection history * Use of any medical drug affecting the muscular system * Patients with developmental deformity or surgery history in the maxillofacial region (facial trauma history, resection history, etc.) * TMJ pathologies (major condylar changes seen on panoramic radiograph) * Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy history * Ongoing orthodontic treatment * Removable prosthesis use * Inflammatory connective tissue diseases * Pregnancy * Obstructive sleep apnea * Local skin infection over the myofascial area * Reluctance to take responsibility for the work
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Masseter Muscle Elasticity | Baseline to Week 4 | Assessment of changes in masseter muscle elasticity using shear-wave elastography measured by ultrasonography. |
| Change in Masseter Muscle Thickness | Baseline to Week 4 | Assessment of changes in masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Bruxism-Related Symptoms | Baseline to Week 4 | Assessment of changes in bruxism-related symptoms (jaw pain, headache, tooth sensitivity, fatigue, and perceived stress/anxiety) using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Each symptom is rated from 0 (no symptom) to 10 (worst imaginable symptom). Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. A study-specific patient-reported questionnaire is also used to document the presence and characteristics of bruxism-related symptoms. |
| Patient Satisfaction With Treatment | Week 4 | Assessment of participant satisfaction with the intervention using a study-specific patient-reported questionnaire. Treatment satisfaction is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). Higher scores indicate greater treatment satisfaction. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed