Gynecomastia
Conditions
Brief summary
The goal of this observational study is to compare the clinical outcomes, safety, and patient satisfaction of endoscopic versus conventional open surgical techniques in adult male patients undergoing surgery for gynecomastia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does endoscopic gynecomastia surgery provide better aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction compared with conventional open surgery? * Does endoscopic surgery reduce postoperative complications, sensory changes of the nipple-areola complex, and visible scarring compared with conventional open surgery? Researchers will compare patients undergoing endoscopic nipple-areola complex-preserving mastectomy with patients undergoing conventional open nipple-areola complex-preserving mastectomy to evaluate differences in surgical outcomes, complications, cosmetic results, and quality of life. Participants will: * Undergo gynecomastia surgery as part of their routine clinical care using either an endoscopic or conventional open technique. * Attend routine postoperative follow-up visits for up to 12 months. * Complete patient-reported outcome assessments, including pain and satisfaction questionnaires. * Undergo evaluation of scar quality, nipple-areola complex sensation, and postoperative complications during follow-up.
Interventions
PROCEDUREEndoscopic Nipple-Areola Complex-Preserving Mastectomy
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using a minimally invasive endoscopic approach. Breast glandular tissue is removed through a small axillary incision while preserving the nipple-areola complex. Liposuction may be performed when clinically indicated. The surgical technique is performed as part of routine clinical care and is not assigned by the study.
PROCEDUREConventional Open Nipple-Areola Complex-Preserving Mastectomy
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia using a conventional open surgical approach. Breast glandular tissue is removed through a periareolar incision while preserving the nipple-areola complex. Liposuction may be performed when clinically indicated. The surgical technique is performed as part of routine clinical care and is not assigned by the study.
Sponsors
Antalya City Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male patients aged 18 to 60 years. * Clinically and/or ultrasonographically confirmed primary gynecomastia with palpable glandular tissue ≥2 cm. * Simon Grade II or Grade III gynecomastia. * Patients requesting surgical treatment because of cosmetic and/or psychosocial concerns. * Eligible for either endoscopic or conventional open nipple-areola complex-preserving mastectomy according to routine clinical practice. * Ability to provide written informed consent. * Willingness and ability to comply with the 12-month follow-up schedule.
Exclusion criteria
* Secondary gynecomastia caused by endocrine disorders, medications, hypogonadism, thyroid disease, or suspected malignancy. * Pseudogynecomastia (lipomastia without glandular proliferation). * Age younger than 18 years or older than 60 years. * Severe uncontrolled comorbidities that may increase surgical risk. * Previous chest or breast surgery, chest irradiation, or significant chest trauma. * Active infection or coagulation disorder. * Immunodeficiency disorders. * Inability to provide informed consent. * Inability to complete the planned follow-up period.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Satisfaction | From enrollment through the 12-month follow-up period | Patient satisfaction assessed using the BODY-Q Chest Module following gynecomastia surgery |
| Overall Postoperative Complication Rate | From enrollment through the 12-month follow-up period | Incidence of postoperative complications including nipple-areola complex hypoesthesia, wound complications, hematoma, seroma, infection, contour deformity, and need for revision surgery |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Scar Quality | From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months | Scar quality assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) |
| Nipple-Areola Complex Sensation | From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months | Sensory function of the nipple-areola complex assessed using the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test (SWMT) |
| Postoperative Pain | From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months | Patient-reported pain assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) |
| Revision Surgery Rate | From enrollment to the end of follow-up at 12 months | Incidence of revision surgical procedures required after the initial operation |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTMEHMET OLCUM
CONTACTMERVE TOKOCİN
Outcome results
None listed