Young Adult Health, Young Adults
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized crossover trial will investigate the acute effects of five passive recovery interventions following a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol. Participants will complete the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol during five separate study sessions. Immediately after each exercise session, participants will receive one of five recovery interventions: compression therapy, vacuum therapy, kinesiology taping, passive rest, or classical massage. The order of the interventions will be randomized according to a balanced crossover sequence. Each participant will experience all five recovery interventions during the study period. Outcomes related to post-exercise recovery will be assessed across intervention periods.
Detailed description
This study is designed as a randomized, five-period, five-treatment crossover trial. All participants will complete a standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol during five separate study sessions. Following each cycling session, participants will receive one passive recovery intervention. The five recovery interventions are compression therapy, vacuum therapy, kinesiology taping, passive rest, and classical massage. Participants will be randomized to one of five intervention sequences to balance the order of recovery interventions across the study period. Each intervention will be administered once to each participant, and all participants will receive all five interventions. The crossover design allows each participant to serve as his or her own control when comparing the acute effects of the recovery interventions.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHigh-Intensity Cycling Exercise Protocol
All participants will perform a standardized supervised high-intensity cycling exercise protocol during five separate study sessions. The cycling protocol will be administered before the assigned recovery intervention in each study period. Exercise intensity, duration, and progression will be standardized across participants and sessions.
DEVICEDoctor Life MK400L Sequential Intermittent Compression Device
Compression therapy will be administered using the Doctor Life MK400L 6-chamber sequential intermittent compression device, code MK4L250-BL. The intervention will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session. The application will be delivered according to a standardized protocol, including participant positioning, treated body region, application duration, and device settings.
DEVICEIntelect Neo Therapy System with Chattanooga Intelect Neo Vacuum Module
Vacuum therapy will be administered using the Intelect Neo Therapy System with the Chattanooga Intelect Neo Vacuum Module. The intervention will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session. The application will be delivered according to a standardized protocol, including participant positioning, treated body region, application duration, vacuum cup placement, and vacuum pressure settings.
OTHERKinesiology Taping
Kinesiology taping will be applied immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session by a trained physiotherapist. Tape placement, application technique, tension, target region, and wear time will be standardized across participants.
OTHERPassive Rest
Participants will rest quietly after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session for a standardized duration. No manual therapy, mechanical therapy, taping, or additional recovery intervention will be administered during the passive rest condition.
OTHERClassical Massage
Classical massage will be administered immediately after the standardized high-intensity cycling exercise session by a trained physiotherapist. The treated body region, massage techniques, sequence of techniques, pressure, and application duration will be standardized across participants.
Sponsors
Pamukkale University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomized to one of five balanced crossover sequences. All participants will complete the same standardized high-intensity cycling exercise protocol during five separate study sessions. After each exercise session, participants will receive one of five passive recovery interventions. Each participant will receive all five interventions, but the order of interventions will differ according to the randomized sequence.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy adult volunteers aged 18-30 years * Able to perform high-intensity cycling exercise * No musculoskeletal injury within the last six months * No known cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic disease * Not using medication that may affect exercise performance, pain perception, or recovery * Willing to attend all five study sessions * Willing to receive all five passive recovery interventions * Provided written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury * History of cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, or metabolic disease * Contraindication to high-intensity exercise * Contraindication to compression therapy, vacuum therapy, kinesiology taping, passive rest, or classical massage * Skin allergy, open wound, dermatological disease, or sensitivity to kinesiology tape * Use of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, or performance-enhancing medication during the study period * Participation in another exercise or recovery intervention study during the study period * Failure to attend all study sessions or comply with study procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Quality Recovery (TQR) Score | At each of the five study sessions: immediately after completion of the 30-minute recovery period and 24 hours after completion of the high-intensity cycling exercise. | Recovery status assessed using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale following each recovery intervention. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Recovery Status | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise, immediately after completion of the 30-minute recovery period, and 24 hours after completion of the high-intensity cycling exercise. | Perceived recovery will be assessed using a standardized perceived recovery scale after each passive recovery intervention. |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise and immediately after completion of the 15-minute high-intensity cycling bout, before the cool-down and recovery intervention. | Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale during or after the standardized cycling exercise protocol. |
| Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after the 15-minute high-intensity cycling bout; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after completion of cycling exercise. | Perceived general fatigue will be assessed using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue. |
| Muscle Soreness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after completion of the standardized cool-down and before initiation of the 30-minute recovery period; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after cyclin | Perceived muscle soreness will be assessed using a Visual Analog Scale following each recovery intervention. |
| Vertical Jump Performance | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after completion of the standardized cool-down and before initiation of the 30-minute recovery period; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after cyclin | Lower-limb explosive performance will be assessed using a vertical jump test. |
| Sit-and-Reach Test | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after completion of the standardized cool-down and before initiation of the 30-minute recovery period; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after cyclin | Hamstring and lower-back flexibility will be assessed using the sit-and-reach test. |
| Heart Rate | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after the 15-minute high-intensity cycling bout; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after completion of cycling exercise. | Heart rate will be measured to monitor physiological response to exercise and recovery interventions. |
| Blood Pressure | At each of the five study sessions: immediately before exercise; immediately after the 15-minute high-intensity cycling bout; immediately after the 30-minute recovery period; and 24 hours after completion of cycling exercise. | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured to monitor cardiovascular response to exercise and recovery interventions. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed