Kidney Transplantation (Status Post), Patient Education, Preoperative Anxiety
Conditions
Keywords
patient education, animated video, informed consent, preoperative anxiety, APAIS, kidney transplantation, living donor
Brief summary
This randomized comparative trial evaluated whether an animated educational video, added to standard verbal counselling, differs from a content-matched written information leaflet, also added to standard verbal counselling, in improving procedural knowledge and reducing preoperative anxiety among adult kidney transplant candidates and prospective living donors. Participants were assessed immediately before and immediately after the assigned intervention. Secondary outcomes included participant satisfaction, preferred information modality, and the understandability and actionability of the educational materials.
Detailed description
Adult kidney transplant candidates undergoing preoperative evaluation and their prospective living donors were randomly allocated 1:1 to a video group or a written group. Both groups received standardized verbal counselling, unchanged across arms; the video group additionally viewed a \ 2.5-minute animated video, and the written group additionally read a content-matched, illustrated A4 leaflet covering the same kidney transplant surgical pathway (laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, bench surgery, and recipient stages). Procedural knowledge was measured with a seven-item investigator-developed questionnaire and preoperative anxiety with the validated Turkish Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), administered immediately before and after the intervention. After the post-test, participants were cross-over exposed to the other format and indicated their preferred modality for future education. The understandability and actionability of both materials were independently rated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT-A/V and PEMAT-P).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAnimated educational video
Approximately 2.5-minute animation depicting the kidney transplant surgical pathway
BEHAVIORALWritten information leaflet
Illustrated A4 leaflet with content identical to the video.
Sponsors
Ankara City Hospital Bilkent
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age 18 to 75 years * Kidney transplant candidate or prospective living donor undergoing preoperative evaluation * Able to read and write Turkish * Provided written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Previous exposure to the study's animated educational video * Cognitive impairment or inability to communicate adequately for assessment * Visual or hearing impairment preventing completion of questionnaires or viewing of the material * Documented severe psychiatric disorder
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in procedural knowledge | Day 1 (immediately before and immediately after the intervention, same study visit) | Procedural knowledge was measured with a 7-item investigator-developed multiple-choice Kidney Transplant Surgical Process Knowledge Questionnaire, scored as the number of incorrect responses. Scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 7. Higher scores indicate worse knowledge (more incorrect answers); a decrease from pre- to post-test indicates a better outcome. |
| Change in preoperative anxiety with the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) score | Day 1 (immediately before and immediately after the intervention, same study visit) | Preoperative anxiety and information need were measured with the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), total score. Scores range from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 30. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater anxiety and information need); a decrease from pre- to post-test indicates a better outcome. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Post-intervention knowledge score (between groups) | Day 1 (immediately after the intervention, same study visit) | Number of incorrect responses on the 7-item Kidney Transplant Surgical Process Knowledge Questionnaire after the intervention, compared between groups. Scores range from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 7. Higher scores indicate worse knowledge (a worse outcome). |
| Post-intervention Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) score (between groups) | Day 1 (immediately after the intervention, same study visit) | Total Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) score after the intervention, compared between groups. Scores range from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 30. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater anxiety and information need). |
| Participant satisfaction | Day 1 (immediately after the intervention, same study visit) | Participant satisfaction was measured with a 5-item investigator-developed Satisfaction and Perceived Benefit Questionnaire, each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale, summed to a total score. Scores range from a minimum of 5 to a maximum of 25. Higher scores indicate a better outcome (greater satisfaction and perceived benefit). |
| Preferred information modality | Day 1 (immediately after interventions and cross-over exposure to both formats, same study visit) | Preferred information modality for future preoperative education, reported by participants after cross-over exposure to both formats immediately after the questionairre. This is a categorical outcome (video only / written only / both / no preference), not a scored scale; therefore minimum and maximum values are not applicable. |
| Understandability of the educational materials, assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) score | Baseline (educational materials assessed prior to participant enrollment) | Understandability of the educational materials, assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT): the PEMAT for Audiovisual materials (PEMAT-A/V) for the animated video and the PEMAT for Printable materials (PEMAT-P) for the written leaflet. The understandability score is expressed as a percentage, ranging from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 100%. Higher percentages indicate a better outcome (greater understandability). |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMuhammed E Polat, Dr.
Ankara Bilkent City Hospital ; Department of Urology ; Ankara ; Türkiye
Outcome results
None listed