Exercise Therapy, Shoulder Muscle Strength, Shoulder Proprioception, Shoulder Stability
Conditions
Keywords
ShoulderSphere, Shoulder stability, Shoulder proprioception, Isokinetic strength, Functional performance, Thrower's Ten, Young adults, Shoulder exercise, Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test
Brief summary
This study evaluated the effects of ShoulderSphere exercises on shoulder stability, muscle strength, proprioception, endurance, and functional performance in young adults. ShoulderSphere is an exercise device that provides dynamic and multi-directional resistance during shoulder movements. The study compared an 8-week ShoulderSphere-based exercise program with a conventional shoulder stabilization exercise program based on selected Thrower's Ten exercises. Young adults without current shoulder symptoms were included in the study. Participants were assigned to one of two exercise groups. Shoulder stability, functional upper-extremity performance, shoulder proprioception, and isokinetic muscle strength and endurance were assessed before and after the 8-week intervention. The aim of the study was to determine whether ShoulderSphere exercises produced different effects compared with conventional shoulder stabilization exercises in young adults.
Detailed description
This study was designed as a controlled pretest-posttest intervention study in young adults. The purpose was to compare the effects of an 8-week ShoulderSphere-based exercise program with a conventional shoulder stabilization exercise program based on selected Thrower's Ten exercises. Participants were young adults between 18 and 40 years of age who did not have current shoulder pain or clinical shoulder symptoms. Participants were assigned to either the ShoulderSphere exercise group or the conventional exercise group. The ShoulderSphere group performed exercises using the ShoulderSphere device, which provides dynamic resistance and requires continuous control of shoulder movement. The conventional exercise group performed selected shoulder stabilization exercises based on the Thrower's Ten program. Both interventions were applied for 8 weeks. Outcome assessments were performed before and after the intervention period. Shoulder stability was assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. Functional upper-extremity performance was assessed using the seated single-arm medicine ball throw test. Shoulder proprioception was assessed using an active joint position sense test. Isokinetic shoulder muscle strength and endurance were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether ShoulderSphere exercises had different effects from conventional shoulder stabilization exercises on shoulder stability, strength, proprioception, endurance, and functional performance in young adults.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALShoulderSphere-Based Exercise Program
Participants performed an 8-week shoulder exercise program using the ShoulderSphere device. The program aimed to improve shoulder stability, proprioception, muscle strength, endurance, and functional upper-extremity performance through dynamic and multi-directional shoulder control exercises.
BEHAVIORALConventional Shoulder Stabilization Exercise Program
Participants performed an 8-week conventional shoulder stabilization exercise program based on selected Thrower's Ten exercises. The program aimed to improve shoulder stability, proprioception, muscle strength, endurance, and functional upper-extremity performance.
Sponsors
Gazi University
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Masking description
No masking was used in this study.
Intervention model description
Participants were assigned to either the ShoulderSphere exercise group or the conventional shoulder stabilization exercise group. Both groups completed an 8-week exercise intervention, and outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention period.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Being between 18 and 40 years of age * Having no current shoulder pain or clinical shoulder symptoms * Meeting the study screening criterion for shoulder stability based on the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test * Volunteering to participate in the study * Providing written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Having current shoulder pain or any clinical shoulder symptoms * Having a history of shoulder surgery * Having a history of shoulder dislocation, subluxation, or significant shoulder trauma * Having any neurological, rheumatological, or systemic condition that could affect upper-extremity function * Having an acute musculoskeletal injury affecting the shoulder, neck, back, or upper extremity * Having any condition that would prevent safe participation in the exercise program or outcome assessments * Unable to complete the intervention or assessment procedures
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in shoulder stability from baseline to 8 weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | Shoulder stability was assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. The number of touches completed during the test was recorded before and after the 8-week intervention period. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in functional upper-extremity performance from baseline to 8 weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | Functional upper-extremity performance was assessed using the seated single-arm medicine ball throw test. The throwing distance was recorded before and after the 8-week intervention period. |
| Change in shoulder proprioception from baseline to 8 weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | Shoulder proprioception was assessed using an active joint position sense test for internal and external rotation. Absolute error values were recorded before and after the 8-week intervention period. |
| Change in isokinetic shoulder muscle strength from baseline to 8 weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | Isokinetic shoulder muscle strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer during internal and external rotation. Measurements were performed before and after the 8-week intervention period. |
| Change in isokinetic shoulder muscle endurance from baseline to 8 weeks | Baseline and 8 weeks | Isokinetic shoulder muscle endurance was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer during repeated shoulder internal and external rotation movements. Measurements were performed before and after the 8-week intervention period. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed