Football (Soccer) Sprint Performance
Conditions
Keywords
beach soccer, reliability, sprint, sand, concordance, measurement error
Brief summary
This observational repeated-measures methodological study evaluated the reliability and agreement of a 15-m linear sprint test performed on sand and firm surfaces in male beach-sport athletes. Participants completed three maximal sprint attempts on each surface during up to two testing sessions conducted on separate days. The study examined trial-to-trial reliability within each session, stability between testing days, and concordance between sprint times obtained on sand and firm surfaces. No therapeutic or training intervention was administered. Sand and firm surfaces were used exclusively as assessment conditions.
Detailed description
Male athletes participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball completed three maximal 15-m linear sprint attempts on both sand and firm surfaces. Each attempt was performed from a standardised standing start, with at least two minutes of passive recovery between attempts. Testing comprised up to two sessions per participant on separate days. The order of the surface conditions was counterbalanced to reduce potential order and fatigue effects. Participants who attended two sessions completed the surfaces in the opposite order during the second session. The primary measured variable was 15-m sprint time in seconds. The arithmetic mean of the three attempts and the fastest individual attempt were calculated for each surface and session. Within-session and between-day reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation, standard errors of measurement, typical errors, and minimal detectable changes. Agreement between sand and firm-surface measurements was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Federal University of Vicosa
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male athlete participating in beach soccer, beach volleyball, or beach handball. * Minimum of six months of regular beach-sport training. * Able to complete maximal 15-m sprint assessments on sand and firm surfaces. * Provision of written informed consent before participation.
Exclusion criteria
* Musculoskeletal injury during the six weeks preceding testing. * Acute illness during the seven days preceding testing. * Failure to complete at least one full testing session.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mean 15-m Sprint Time on Sand and Firm Surfaces | During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week. | Time, measured in seconds, required to complete a maximal 15-metre linear sprint. For each surface and testing session, the outcome was calculated as the arithmetic mean of three maximal sprint attempts. For the between-surface analysis, one participant-level value per surface was derived by averaging session means for participants who completed two sessions or by using the single available session for participants who completed one session. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Best 15-m Sprint Time on Sand and Firm Surfaces | During up to two testing sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes, conducted on separate days within one week. | Fastest time, measured in seconds, recorded from the three maximal 15-metre sprint attempts performed on each surface during each testing session. |
| Within-Session Reliability of 15-m Sprint Time | Across the three sprint attempts performed during each surface condition within a single testing session (45 minutes). | Trial-to-trial reliability of the three sprint attempts performed on each surface within each testing session, quantified using the absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficient \[ICC(A,1)\], coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, typical error, and 95% minimal detectable change. |
| Between-Day Reliability of 15-m Sprint Time | Across two testing sessions conducted on separate days within one week (each of 45 minutes). | Stability of mean sprint time between two testing sessions conducted on separate days, quantified using the absolute-agreement intraclass correlation coefficient \[ICC(A,1)\], coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, typical error, and 95% minimal detectable change. |
| Concordance Between Sand and Firm-Surface Sprint Times | Participant-level measurements derived from up to two testing sessions conducted within one week (each of 45 minutes). | Agreement between participant-level mean 15-m sprint times obtained on sand and firm surfaces, evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman systematic bias and 95% limits of agreement. |
Countries
Colombia
Outcome results
None listed