Visual Attention, Visual Deficiencies
Conditions
Keywords
Visual Skills, Visual Perception, Visual-Motor Integration, Oculomotor Training, Occupational Therapy, School-Based Occupational Therapy
Brief summary
This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of a structured visual skills-based occupational therapy program on visual perception and school-based visual-motor functions in typically developing primary school students aged 8-10 years. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving a 6-week visual skills program or a control group receiving routine school activities and home-based assignments. Outcomes including visual perception, visual-motor performance, convergence ability, and motor proficiency will be assessed before and after the intervention.
Detailed description
Visual skills, including visual perception, visual-motor integration, visual scanning, eye movement control, and convergence ability, are important determinants of academic performance and school participation. Previous research has demonstrated associations between visual skills and reading, writing, attention, and motor performance; however, experimental studies evaluating structured occupational therapy interventions targeting visual skills in typically developing school-aged children remain limited. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of a structured visual skills-based occupational therapy program on visual perception and school-based visual-motor functions in typically developing primary school students. Participants aged 8-10 years attending the 3rd and 4th grades of primary school will be recruited and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive a 6-week occupational therapy program consisting of visual skills activities focusing on oculomotor functions, visual perception, visual scanning, eye-hand coordination, and visual-motor integration. Sessions will be conducted twice weekly in the school setting. Outcome measures include the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3), Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA), Near Point of Convergence (NPC), and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 Short Form (BOT-2 SF). Assessments will be performed before and after the intervention period. Findings from this study are expected to contribute to the evidence base for school-based occupational therapy interventions targeting visual skills in typically developing children.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALVisual Skills-Based Occupational Therapy Program
A structured occupational therapy program delivered twice weekly for 6 weeks targeting oculomotor functions, visual perception, visual scanning, eye-hand coordination, convergence, and visual-motor integration.
BEHAVIORALHome-Based Assignment Program
Participants continue routine school activities and receive structured home-based assignments without visual skills training during the study period.
Sponsors
Medipol University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
8 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Children aged 8 to 10 years * Enrollment in 3rd or 4th grade of primary school * Ability to understand and follow study instructions * Written informed consent obtained from parent or legal guardian * Willingness to participate in all assessment and intervention sessions
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosed neurological, psychiatric, developmental, or intellectual disorder * Uncorrected visual impairment that may affect assessment results * Musculoskeletal condition affecting upper extremity function * Participation in another structured visual training or rehabilitation program during the study period * Inability to complete study assessments or intervention sessions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) Score | Baseline and 6 weeks | Visual perception will be assessed using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3). Higher scores indicate better visual perception performance. Visual perception will be assessed using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, Fourth Edition (MVPT-4). Total scores range from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating better visual perceptual ability. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) Score | Baseline and 6 weeks | Handwriting performance will be evaluated using the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment, including legibility and writing quality parameters. Handwriting performance will be evaluated using the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA). The assessment evaluates legibility and handwriting quality. Scores range from 0 to 34 for each handwriting component, with higher scores indicating better handwriting performance. |
| Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 Short Form (BOT-2 SF) Score | Baseline and 6 weeks | Motor proficiency will be assessed using the BOT-2 Short Form. Higher scores indicate better motor performance. Motor proficiency will be assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, Short Form (BOT-2 SF). Total point scores range from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating better motor proficiency. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed