Diagnostic Value of the Liver Inflammation Index for MASH in Patients With T2DM and MAFLD

MASH - Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis, Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, MASH, MAFLD, Liver inflammation index

This observational study aims to evaluate a new diagnostic tool, the Liver Inflammation Index, in detecting Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) among adults who have both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD).

This study is a national, multicenter, real-world, cross-sectional observational trial designed to assess the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of the Liver Inflammation Index for identifying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) in patients with concurrent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). The study plans to enroll a total of 10,000 participants across 22 major research centers in China. Data collection will be split into a prospective cohort (9,000 patients) and a retrospective cohort (1,000 patients). Each participating center will enroll between 100 and 2,000 subjects. Study Procedures and Data Collection: For all eligible participants, researchers will systematically collect comprehensive clinical data. This includes general demographic information, detailed past medical history, physical examination findings, and lifestyle questionnaires (assessing diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption). Clinical assessments will involve standard laboratory tests to calculate the Liver Inflammation Index. Additionally, participants will undergo vibration-controlled transient elastography (using the iLivTouch device) to obtain the Ultrasound Attenuation Parameter (UAP) for steatosis grading and Liver Stiffness Measurement (LSM) for fibrosis staging. Study Objectives: The primary objective is to investigate the distribution and alterations of the Liver Inflammation Index in the Chinese T2DM and MAFLD population, and to evaluate the overall detection rate of MASH within this cohort. Secondary objectives focus on stratifying the MASH detection rate based on several clinical variables: The presence of comorbidities (including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). The degree of hepatic steatosis (S1, S2, and S3), as determined by UAP results. The severity of liver fibrosis (F0-F1, F2, F3, and F4), as determined by LSM results. Demographic stratifications, including age, gender, and geographic region within China. Identification of predictive risk factors associated with MASH in this specific patient population. Exploratory Endpoints: The study will explore the impact of modifiable, adverse lifestyle factors on the prevalence of MASH. Furthermore, a 5-year retrospective data collection (where hospital records permit) will be conducted to analyze the relationship between the MASH detection rate and various Liver-Related Events (LREs). LREs are defined as the occurrence of any of the following: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≥ 15, liver-related mortality, liver transplantation, progression to hepatocellular carcinoma, esophagogastric variceal bleeding, or hepatic decompensation (including ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy, bacterial infections, and non-obstructive jaundice).

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