Thyroid Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Pain, Quality of Life
Brief summary
Thyroid cancer patients often experience pain and reduced quality of life during chemotherapy. This randomized controlled trial will evaluate whether Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) exercises, added to routine range-of-motion exercises, reduce pain and improve quality of life compared to range-of-motion exercises alone. Thirty-two thyroid cancer patients randomly assigned to either the PMR group or the control group. Pain measured by using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and quality of life using the FACT-G questionnaire before and after a 4-5 day intervention. The study compared changes between groups.
Detailed description
This is a single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to be conducted at PINUM Cancer Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 32 patients with histologically confirmed thyroid cancer (Stage I-III) undergoing chemotherapy (1-3 sessions) will be enrolled. Inclusion criteria: age 30-50 years, moderate pain (NPRS 3-7), baseline FACT-G score ≥80%, history of lobectomy or thyroidectomy. Exclusion criteria: comorbidities (cardiomyopathy, respiratory disorders, severe mental illness), recent fractures or surgeries, inability to follow instructions, current practice of relaxation therapies. Participants will be randomly allocated 1:1 using an online random number generator into two groups. Experimental group (n=16): Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique (PMRT) once daily for 4-5 consecutive days, each session 20-40 minutes, targeting head/neck, shoulders, arms/hands, lower back/hips, calves/thighs, and feet/toes. Each movement involves deep inhalation, tensing for 10-20 seconds, then exhalation with relaxation. Control group (n=16): gentle range-of-motion and stretching exercises of same frequency and duration. Outcomes: pain (NPRS, 0-10) and quality of life (FACT-G, 4 subscales) measured at baseline and post-intervention. Normality of data assessed by using Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group comparisons is performed by using Mann-Whitney U test, and within-group pre-post comparisons using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. No adverse events are anticipated. After study completion, results will be submitted separately in the Results Module.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALProgressive Muscle Relaxation Technique
Participants were guided through sequential tensing and relaxing of six muscle groups: head/neck, shoulders/upper back, arms/hands, lower back/hips, calves/thighs, and feet/toes. For each group, they inhaled deeply and tensed muscles for 10-20 seconds, then exhaled slowly while relaxing completely. Each session lasted 20-40 minutes, once daily for 4-5 consecutive days. Sessions were conducted by a trained physiotherapist in a quiet hospital room.
OTHERRange of Motion and Stretching Exercises
Participants performed gentle range-of-motion (ROM) and stretching exercises for the same muscle groups (head/neck, shoulders, arms, lower back, legs, feet), without the tensing-relaxation component of PMR. Each session lasted 20-40 minutes, once daily for 4-5 consecutive days, supervised by the same physiotherapist.
Sponsors
University of Faisalabad
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
30 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically confirmed thyroid cancer (Stage I-III) * Age 30-50 years * Moderate pain (NPRS score 3-7) * Baseline FACT-G score ≥80% * Undergoing chemotherapy (1-3 sessions completed) * History of lobectomy or thyroidectomy * Provided written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Comorbidities (cardiomyopathy, respiratory disorders, severe mental illness) * Recent fractures or surgeries * Unable to comprehend or follow instructions * Currently practicing PMR or any other relaxation therapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pain Intensity | Baseline (day 1) and post-intervention (day 4-5) | Pain intensity measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Higher scores indicate worse pain. |
| Change in Quality of Life | Baseline (day 1) and post-intervention (day 4-5) | Quality of life measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), a 27-item questionnaire covering physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. |
Countries
Pakistan
Outcome results
None listed