Dermocosmetic Evaluation of Propolis Ointments in Atopic-Prone Dry Skin

Atopic Dermatitis, Dry Skin, Xerosis Due to Atopic Dermatitis

propolis, apitherapy, dermocosmetic, skin barrier, natural product, corticosteroid-sparing, atopic dermatitis, xerosis, topical ointment, bee product

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if propolis ointments work to improve dry, atopic-prone skin in adults. Propolis is a natural substance made by honeybees. It will also learn about the safety of these ointments. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does propolis ointment lower dryness, scaling, and roughness better than a base ointment with no propolis? Is there a difference between crude propolis and ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP)? Researchers will compare three ointments to see if they improve skin condition: A propolis ointment made with 3% ethanolic extract A propolis ointment made with 5% crude propolis A base ointment with no propolis (look-alike) Participants will: Apply the ointment to dry skin areas twice a day for 4 weeks Visit the clinic 4 times: for screening, at the start, at week 2, and at week 4 Have their skin checked by a researcher using a standard dryness score Answer questions about skin comfort, itching, and satisfaction Have a patch test before starting to check for allergy to propolis

This exploratory dermocosmetic study is a graduation project conducted by pharmacy students at Manara University in collaboration with the Syrian Scientific Society for Medicinal Herbs (SHAMNA). It evaluates two propolis-based ointments against a vehicle control in adults with atopic-prone dry skin. STUDENT INVESTIGATORS: Mahmoud Bitar, Haya Farhat, Nagham Saleh - supervised by Chadi Khatib, PhD, Faculty of Pharmacy, Manara University. RATIONALE: Atopic-prone dry skin presents with chronic dryness, scaling, roughness, mild itching, and impaired barrier function. In Syria and similar settings, topical corticosteroids are frequently used for minor skin conditions, often through over-the-counter combination products whose steroid content is not clearly labeled. This study addresses the need for evidence-based, non-steroidal alternatives for mild xerotic and atopic-prone skin. INTERVENTIONS: Three ointments are prepared under GMP-like conditions with identical packaging and appearance: 1. EEP Ointment 3%: ethanolic extract of propolis (3%), white soft paraffin (67%), liquid paraffin (20%), anhydrous lanolin (10%) 2. Crude Propolis Ointment 5%: micronized crude propolis (5%), white soft paraffin (65%), liquid paraffin (20%), anhydrous lanolin (10%) 3. Vehicle Ointment: white soft paraffin (70%), liquid paraffin (20%), anhydrous lanolin (10%) Propolis is standardized by total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and HPLC fingerprinting (reference compounds: CAPE, artepillin C, galangin, pinocembrin). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group. Allocation ratio 1:1:1. Computer-generated block randomization. POPULATION: Adults aged 18-60 years with atopic-prone dry skin or mild xerotic condition. Exclusion: acute eczema, infected dermatitis, psoriasis, known propolis/honey/lanolin allergy, pregnancy, breastfeeding, recent systemic corticosteroids (2 weeks), immunosuppressants (4 weeks), biologics (3 months), topical corticosteroids (1 week), topical calcineurin inhibitors (1 week), phototherapy (2 weeks). PROCEDURES: * Visit 0: Screening, 48-hour patch test (forearm or upper back), informed consent * Visit 1 (Week 0): Randomization, baseline clinical photography, dryness score * Visit 2 (Week 2): Safety and cosmetic evaluation * Visit 3 (Week 4): Final evaluation OUTCOMES: Primary: Change in clinical dryness score (5-point scale: 0=None, 1=Very mild, 2=Mild, 3=Moderate, 4=Severe) from baseline to Week 4, assessing dryness, scaling, and roughness. Secondary: Pruritus VAS (0-10), skin comfort (Likert 1-5), cosmetic acceptability, subject satisfaction (Likert 1-5), standardized clinical photography. SAFETY: Erythema, burning, stinging, edema, allergic dermatitis, irritation at each visit. Adverse events: mild (continue), moderate (monitor), severe (discontinue). ANALYSIS: Mixed-effects repeated measures model, Tukey post hoc, Fisher exact or Chi-square for categorical variables. Significance: p \< 0.05. Software: SPSS, GraphPad Prism. SAMPLE SIZE: 30 participants (10 per group). COMPLIANCE: Package weighing, patient diary, usage frequency. Poor compliance: \<80% adherence. ETHICS: Declaration of Helsinki, GCP. Written informed consent. Approved by Biomedical Ethics Committee, Syrian Scientific Society for Medicinal Herbs (SHAMNA), approval SHAMNA-2026-027.

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