Healthy Older Adults
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aimed to compare the effects of music-accompanied exercise snacks and calisthenic exercises on pain, locomotor performance, quality of life, and physical activity-related outcomes in healthy older adults.
Interventions
OTHERCalisthenic Exercise
Participants in the CEG performed music-accompanied bodyweight exercises, with each session lasting approximately 20 minutes.
OTHERSnack exercise
Participants in the ESG performed music-accompanied exercise sessions under physiotherapist supervision twice weekly for 6 weeks.
Sponsors
Pamukkale University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Voluntary individuals aged 65 years and older, without any contraindication to exercise participation and able to speak and understand Turkish, were included in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The test measures the time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters at a safe and comfortable speed, turn around, walk back, and sit down again. Shorter completion times indicate better balance and mobility performance. |
| 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test was used to assess lower extremity strength and endurance as indicators of functional performance in older adults. The number of complete sit-to-stand repetitions performed within 30 seconds was recorded as the test score |
| Stair Climb Test | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | Participants were instructed to ascend and descend a staircase consisting of nine steps (16-20 cm in height) as quickly and safely as possible. Total completion time was recorded as the outcome measure. |
| Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) is an 8-item unidimensional instrument assessing positive feelings such as enjoyment and pleasure associated with physical activity. Responses are rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 7 ("strongly agree"). Higher mean scores indicate greater enjoyment of physical activity. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Assessment | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | Pain perceived during rest, walking, and stair ascent/descent was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The distance (mm) between the "no pain" anchor and the participant's mark on a 10-cm line was measured, yielding a score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. |
| Pain Disability Index (PDI) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The PDI consists of seven items evaluating the impact of pain on daily functional activities. Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 10. Total scores range from 0 to 70, with scores ≥40 indicating high disability. Higher scores reflect greater disability severity. |
| Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The MFES is based on a visual analog scale assessing confidence in performing daily activities without falling. Participants rate their confidence for each activity on a scale ranging from 0 (no confidence) to 10 (complete confidence). The total score is divided by 14 to obtain the final score. Higher scores indicate lower fall risk, whereas lower scores indicate greater fall risk. |
| Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile for Older Adults (HPLP-OA) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The HPLP-OA was developed to evaluate health-promoting behaviors in adults aged 65 years and older. The scale consists of 22 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 22 to 88, with higher scores indicating greater frequency of health-promoting behaviors. |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The IPAQ assesses time spent in physical activities during the previous week, including sitting, walking, moderate-intensity activity, and vigorous-intensity activity. Scores are calculated as MET-minutes/week by multiplying duration, frequency, and metabolic equivalent (MET) values. |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD TR) | Preintervention, postintervention 6th week | The WHOQOL-OLD module consists of 24 items across six domains, rated using a 5-point Likert scale. Subscale scores range from 4 to 20, and a total score can also be calculated by summing domain scores. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed