Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability
Conditions
Keywords
Joint Attention, Action Prediction, eye tracking
Brief summary
A 2×2×3 mixed design (intent word × object type × group: TD, ASD, ID) was used. Age-matched children watched videos and judged which object a model would pick; their choices and eye movements were recorded.
Detailed description
A 2 (intent word: like, dislike) × 2 (object type: mentioned, unmentioned) × 3 (participant group: ASD, TD, ID) mixed experimental design was adopted. Children from the three age-matched groups (29 TD, 22 ASD, 24 ID) completed a video-watching task. In the video, a model was presented with two objects and uttered a sentence containing an intent word, a verb, and a noun, such as "I like to eat oranges." Based on the intent word, trials were divided into "like" and "dislike" conditions. Objects were classified as "mentioned" or "unmentioned" according to the verb and noun used. Participants were required to judge which object the model would pick while watching the video. Their choice responses and eye movements were recorded.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
3 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
\- Children clinically diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Typically developing (TD) children with no developmental or neurological disorders. Children clinically diagnosed with Intellectual Disability (ID). Common criteria for all groups: Normal or corrected-to-normal vision, no color vision deficiencies, normal hearing, and written informed consent provided by their legal guardians.
Exclusion criteria
\- Failure to meet the study's group-specific screening cutoffs on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Failure to meet the study's group-specific screening cutoffs on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Known genetic syndromes, significant hearing loss, or uncorrectable visual impairment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Total Fixation Duration on Objects | During the full 13 seconds video presentation | Percentage of Total Fixation Duration on Objects = (Total time fixating on target objects ÷ Total fixation duration across the scene) × 100%. It measures how much of overall viewing time is spent attending to predefined objects, reflecting attentional priority and object-driven cognitive engagement, normalized for individual differences. |
| The time to first fixation on an object within each defined TOI (Time of Interest) | During the 0-2 s, 2-6 s, and 6-8 s intervals of video | Time to First Fixation on an Object within a TOI = time elapsed from TOI onset until the first fixation lands on that object. It measures how quickly attention is drawn to a target, reflecting salience or search efficiency. Shorter times indicate faster capture. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed