ADHD
Conditions
Keywords
ADHD, virtual reality, serious games
Brief summary
This study recruited 80 children aged 5-12 with clinically diagnosed ADHD from Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, and randomly divided them into two groups with 40 children in each group: the EF-only group and the EF+VR-EFT group. Both groups received a 2-week intervention with 5 sessions per week
Detailed description
This study recruited 80 children aged 5-12 with clinically diagnosed ADHD from Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, and randomly divided them into two groups with 40 children in each group: the EF-only group and the EF+VR-EFT group. Both groups received a 2-week intervention with 5 sessions per week
Interventions
BEHAVIORALexecutive function
Control Group (EF-only group): Participants received a 2-week standardized, non-immersive conventional executive function (EF) training, with 6 sessions per week (45 minutes per session) under researcher supervision, targeting core executive processes such as inhibitory control and working memory. Experimental Group (EF+VR-EFT group): On the basis of the same conventional EF training as the control group, participants additionally completed a 20-minute VR-based episodic future thinking (VR-EFT) module per session, delivered via PICO headsets through immersive gameplay in a controlled clinical setting.
BEHAVIORALa VR-based episodic future thinking
Experimental Group (EF+VR-EFT group): On the basis of the same 2-week conventional EF training, participants additionally completed a VR-based episodic future thinking (VR-EFT) module in each session. Their executive function achieved more significant and stable improvements, particularly in higher-order domains.
Sponsors
Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
5 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 5-12 years with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by a multidisciplinary clinical team according to DSM-5 criteria. * Normal intellectual functioning. * Absence of major neurological or medical disorders.
Exclusion criteria
* Participants with incomplete or missing questionnaire data (8 cases were excluded based on this criterion in the study).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BRIEF score | two weeks | The main outcome measures of the study were assessed via the BRIEFfocusing on executive function changes after the 2-week intervention,BRIEF-assessed executive function changes, with specific difficulty score reductions in inhibition and metacognition |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed