Anxiety, Colonoscopy, Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Anxiety, Colonoscopy, Music, Pain, Stress Ball
Brief summary
This study aims to evaluate whether using a stress ball together with listening to music during a colonoscopy procedure can reduce patients' pain and anxiety and improve their overall experience of the procedure. Colonoscopy is an important method for diagnosing and preventing colorectal diseases, but it can often cause discomfort, pain, and anxiety in patients. In this randomized controlled study, 100 patients undergoing colonoscopy without sedation are divided into two groups. One group receives the intervention, which includes listening to relaxing music and using a stress ball starting before the procedure and continuing throughout it. The other group receives standard care without any additional intervention. Pain levels, anxiety levels, and patients' perceptions of the procedure are measured before and after the colonoscopy using validated assessment tools. Patient satisfaction with the intervention is also evaluated. The study investigates whether simple, low-cost, and non-invasive methods such as music and stress ball use can improve patient comfort and experience during colonoscopy. The findings may help healthcare providers, especially nurses, to enhance patient-centered care practices.
Interventions
OTHERMusic and Stress Ball Intervention
Participants in the intervention group listened to relaxing music and used a stress ball during the colonoscopy procedure. The intervention started approximately 10 minutes before the procedure and continued throughout the procedure. Patients were instructed to squeeze and release the stress ball rhythmically while focusing on the music. The music was played in the procedure room at a comfortable volume level. This combined non-pharmacological intervention aimed to divert attention, promote relaxation, and reduce pain and anxiety during colonoscopy.
Sponsors
Inonu University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy 2. Aged 18 years and older 3. Conscious and able to communicate 4. No hearing or communication problems 5. No psychiatric disorders 6. Scheduled for colonoscopy without sedation 7. Not using anxiolytic medication 8. Willing to participate and provide written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
1. Hospitalized patients undergoing colonoscopy 2. Patients with upper extremity dysfunction, neuromuscular disorders, or conditions preventing effective use of a stress ball (e.g., pain, injury, infection, immobilization) 3. Patients with sensory impairments 4. Patients undergoing gastroscopy 5. Patients undergoing colonoscopy with deep sedation 6. Patients with chronic pain or anxiety disorders 7. Patients using any other complementary or alternative methods during the study 8. Incomplete questionnaire data 9. Refusal to participate
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | 15 minutes before colonoscopy | Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-cm scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. |
| State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-S) | 15 minutes before colonoscopy | Anxiety levels were assessed using the State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), a 20-item self-report instrument with scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of situational anxiety. |
| Perception of Colonoscopy Procedure | 15 minutes before colonoscopy | Patients' perceptions of the colonoscopy procedure were evaluated using a structured questionnaire assessing perceived difficulty, duration, tolerability, and emotional responses before and after the procedure. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | 5 minutes after the colonoscopy | Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The scale ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. |
| State-Trait Anxiety Scale | 5 minutes after the colonoscopy | Description: Anxiety levels were assessed using the State Anxiety Scale (STAI-S), a 20-item self-report instrument measuring situational anxiety. Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety. |
| Perception of Colonoscopy Procedure | immediately after the colonoscopy | Perception of the colonoscopy procedure was evaluated using a structured questionnaire assessing perceived difficulty, duration, tolerability, and emotional responses before and after the procedure. Higher scores indicate more negative perceptions of the procedure. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed