Children Aged 3-5 Years, Cycloplegic Refraction, Vision Screening
Conditions
Brief summary
We use generative AI to make personalized books for young children about going to the eye doctor. We want to see if reading these stories helps kids feel more comfortable and improves their overall experience at the clinic.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALGenerative AI-customized educational book
Generative AI-customized educational book focusing on cycloplegic administration and optometric examination.
BEHAVIORALstandard printed educational leaflet
Standard printed educational leaflet for cycloplegic refraction exam.
BEHAVIORALCommercially available children's book
Maisy Goes to the Eye Doctor
Sponsors
Mackay Memorial Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
SINGLE (Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
3 Years to 5 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Children aged 3 to 5 years. * Parents or legal guardians capable of participating in parent-child shared reading (proficient in Traditional Chinese). * Agreement to the administration of cycloplegic agents.
Exclusion criteria
* Parents or legal guardians who are not proficient in Traditional Chinese or are unwilling to participate in parent-child shared reading. * Children aged under 3 years or 6 years and older. * Refusal of cycloplegic agent administration.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| visual analogue scale of anxiety | 1. Baseline, pre-intervention 2. 30 minutes after the intervention | Pediatric anxiety levels will be quantified using a 0-10 scale supplemented by facial icons. Participants will be shown the scale and asked to select the face or number that best matches how they feel at that moment. The scale is anchored by "No anxiety" (0, happy face) and "Extreme anxiety" (10, distressed face). Research assistants will provide a standardized prompt: "Point to the face that shows how you feel right now." |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| children's emotional manifestation scale (CEMS) | 30 minutes after the intervention | This observational instrument consists of five behavioral categories: facial expression, vocalization, activity, interaction, and cooperation. Each category is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 to 5), with a total score ranging from 5 to 25. Higher scores represent higher levels of emotional distress and negative behaviors. |
| Parent Satisfaction Scale | 30 minutes after the intervention | The Parent Satisfaction Scale is a 10-item self-report questionnaire designed to evaluate the caregiver's perception of the quality of pediatric ophthalmic care. The scale assesses several key domains of the clinical encounter, including patient-centered communication, emotional support, clinician-parent partnership, and overall service quality. Scoring and Administration: Each item is scored using a 5-point Likert scale, with response options ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). A total satisfaction score is calculated by summing the responses, with higher scores (ranging from 10 to 50) indicating higher levels of parental satisfaction with the healthcare delivery and the educational intervention provided. |
| Staff Satisfaction Scale | 30 minutes after the intervention | The Staff Satisfaction Scale is a 7-item clinician-reported instrument designed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and perceived quality of a pediatric eye examination. The scale measures the nurse's observation of patient cooperation, parental engagement, and the effectiveness of the clinical workflow. Scoring and Administration: Following the patient's encounter, the attending ophthalmic nurse rates each statement using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Higher aggregate scores indicate a more efficient clinical process and a higher level of professional satisfaction with the care delivery. |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
CONTACTHsin-Ming Liu
Outcome results
None listed