Antibody, Tumor Microenvironment
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort investigation conducted at Tianjin Cancer Hospital that aims to evaluate the relationship between tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and the efficacy of antibody-based antitumor therapies-including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies-across a pan-cancer population comprising adult patients with breast, colorectal, head and neck squamous, lung, bladder, gastric, or pancreatic cancer treated between January 2020 and January 2026. Using real-world data extracted from electronic medical records, pathology archives, and laboratory systems, the study will analyze TME-related variables derived from tissue immunohistochemistry, molecular testing, and peripheral blood inflammatory markers in relation to clinical outcomes, with a primary endpoint of either progression-free survival or objective response rate to be finalized before database lock, and secondary endpoints including overall survival, disease control rate, and subgroup heterogeneity across cancer types and drug classes. Statistical analyses will employ Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression, and appropriate multivariable adjustments with sensitivity analyses using propensity score methods, while the study will adhere to ethical standards under a waiver of informed consent due to its minimal-risk, retrospective design and strict de-identification of patient data.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age 18 years or older * Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, or pancreatic cancer * Received antibody-based antitumor therapy at this center, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, or other antibody-based agents, either as monotherapy or combination therapy * Completed at least one post-treatment efficacy assessment or had evaluable radiographic or clinical documentation of treatment response * Available key clinical information, including demographics, tumor stage, line of therapy, treatment details, efficacy outcomes, or follow-up data * Available data for at least one tumor microenvironment-related indicator, including tissue immunohistochemistry, molecular testing, or peripheral blood inflammatory markers
Exclusion criteria
* Missing key outcome information, including unevaluable treatment response or absence of follow-up or survival outcome records * Missing key exposure information, including antibody-based therapy drug name or timing/line of therapy * Concurrent active malignancy for which treatment outcomes cannot be clearly attributed to the cancer of interest * Severely incomplete or unverifiable medical records * Received only supportive or palliative care without exposure to antibody-based antitumor therapy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Spearman correlation coefficient between tumor microenvironment marker levels and objective response rate/progression-free survival | January 2020 and January 2026 | Tumor microenvironment markers, including NETosis-related markers and immune-cell composition, will be quantified by multiplex immunofluorescence as percentage of marker-positive area or percentage of marker-positive cells. Treatment efficacy will be assessed by objective response rate according to RECIST 1.1, and prognosis will be assessed by progression-free survival and overall survival. Spearman correlation coefficients will be calculated to evaluate the correlation between tumor microenvironment marker levels and treatment outcomes. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| To evaluate the predictive value of TME indicators for efficacy outcomes (e.g., AUC, calibration, decision curve analysis, etc., to be conducted as data permit). | January 2020 and January 2026 | — |
| Subgroup-specific Spearman correlation coefficient between tumor microenvironment marker levels and objective response rate | January 2020 and January 2026 | Tumor microenvironment markers will be measured in pretreatment tumor tissue by multiplex immunofluorescence and reported as the percentage of marker-positive cells or marker-positive area. Objective response rate will be defined as the percentage of patients with complete or partial response according to RECIST 1.1. Spearman correlation coefficients will be calculated within predefined subgroups, including cancer type, antibody target/type, and line of therapy. |
| Interaction term odds ratio for clinical factors modifying the association between tumor microenvironment marker levels and objective response | January 2020 and January 2026 | Tumor microenvironment markers will be measured in pretreatment tumor tissue using multiplex immunofluorescence and reported as the percentage of marker-positive cells or marker-positive area. Objective response will be defined as complete or partial response according to RECIST 1.1. Multivariable logistic regression will be used to assess interaction terms between tumor microenvironment marker levels and predefined clinical factors, with results reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. |
| To construct a multivariable predictive model or risk stratification tool where feasible | January 2020 and January 2026 | — |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed