Low Back Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Low Back Pain, Aromatherapy, Massage
Brief summary
The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of adding aromatherapy massage with a mixture of lavender and orange oil to conventional physical therapy in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain on pain, central sensitization, functionality, sleep, quality of life, kinesiophobia, anxiety, and depression in this patient population.
Interventions
OTHERConventional Physiotherapy
Hotpack (10 min) TENS (20 min) Ultrasound (5 min) Stretching \& stabilization exercises (15 min) Frequency: 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks
OTHERAromatherapy Massage + Conventional Physiotherapy
Same conventional physiotherapy protocol Aromatherapy massage: Lavender + orange essential oil (%1.5 in sweet almond oil) 15 min/session 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks Massage techniques: effleurage, petrissage, friction, vibration
Sponsors
Kirsehir Ahi Evran Universitesi
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age 18-65 years * Chronic nonspecific low back pain ≥ 6 months * Volunteering to participate * Receiving treatment at physical therapy clinic
Exclusion criteria
* History of orthopedic surgery, fracture, trauma * Inflammatory, rheumatologic, neurological, psychiatric disorders * Asthma * Current psychiatric medication use * Peripheral neuropathy or postherpetic neuralgia * Long-term corticosteroid use * Skin lesions/open wounds in treatment area * Allergy to lavender, orange, or almond oil * Positive allergic reaction to patch test
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| McGill Pain Questionnaire | Baseline, 4 weeks | The McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form consists of 15 items evaluating sensory and affective dimensions of pain. Each item is scored on a 0-3 Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 0 to 45. Higher scores indicate greater pain severity. |
| Pressure Pain Threshold (Algometer) | Baseline, 4 weeks | Pressure pain threshold will be measured using an algometer to evaluate sensitivity in predefined anatomical points. The device quantifies the minimum pressure that induces pain. |
| Central Sensitization Inventory | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Central Sensitization Inventory is a 25-item questionnaire assessing symptoms related to central sensitization. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0-4), with total scores ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater central sensitization symptoms. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Disability (Oswestry Disability Index) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Oswestry Disability Index consists of 10 items assessing functional disability related to low back pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, with total scores converted into percentage disability (0-100%). |
| Quality of Life (SF-36) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The SF-36 Health Survey evaluates quality of life across 8 domains including physical functioning, role limitations, pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status. |
| Anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a 21-item scale measuring anxiety severity. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with total scores ranging from 0 to 63. |
| Depression (Beck Depression Inventory) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Beck Depression Inventory consists of 21 items assessing depressive symptoms. Total scores classify depression severity as minimal, mild, moderate, or severe. |
| Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia includes 17 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 17 to 68, with higher scores indicating greater fear of movement. |
| Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) | Baseline and 4 weeks | The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index evaluates sleep quality across 7 components. Total scores range from 0 to 21, with scores above 5 indicating poor sleep quality. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed