Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML, Relapsed/Refractory, Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Conditions
Brief summary
This is a prospective, single-center, observational study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of salvage haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) combined with post-transplant relapse prevention strategies in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML). Eligible patients are adults aged 18-65 years with active AML (bone marrow blasts \>5% or extramedullary disease) and HCT-CI score ≤5. All patients will receive a uniform conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine, busulfan, and MECCNU, with addition of targeted agents (such as sorafenib, midostaurin, or venetoclax) according to mutation status. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis includes reduced-dose ATG (6 mg/kg), FK506, MMF, and basiliximab. Post-transplant maintenance with targeted therapy or azacitidine and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) will be administered to reduce relapse risk. The primary endpoints are cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints include incidence of acute and chronic GVHD, CMV/EBV reactivation, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and GVHD-free, relapse-free survival. Patients will be followed for 24 months after transplantation. This study aims to explore an optimized transplant strategy to improve long-term survival in this high-risk population.
Interventions
PROCEDUREHaploidentical Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (haplo-HSCT)
Salvage haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a conditioning regimen of Fludarabine (120-180 mg/m²), Busulfan (3-4 mg/kg), and MECCNU 250 mg/m² (intensity adjusted based on prognostic index). Targeted agents (sorafenib, midostaurin, or venetoclax) are added according to genetic mutations (e.g., FLT3) until stem cell infusion. GVHD prophylaxis includes ATG 6 mg/kg, tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and basiliximab on day +4. No MTX or post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is used. Immunosuppressants are tapered within 100 days if no significant GVHD.
DRUGPost-transplant Maintenance Therapy
Starting from approximately day +30 after transplantation, patients receive mutation-guided targeted therapy (sorafenib 200 mg daily for FLT3/ITD mutation) or azacitidine 75 mg/m² on days 1-3. Maintenance therapy aims to reduce the risk of relapse.
Sponsors
Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Signed and dated informed consent Willing and able to comply with all study procedures and follow-up Adults aged 18 to 65 years Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Active disease before transplantation, defined as bone marrow blasts \>5% or presence of extramedullary disease HCT-CI (Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index) score ≤5
Exclusion criteria
* Bone marrow blasts ≤5% without extramedullary disease before transplantation Age \<18 years or \>65 years HCT-CI score \>5 Patients with other diagnoses besides AML
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cumulative Incidence of Relapse (CIR) | Up to 24 months post-transplantation |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Up to 24 months post-transplantation |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Incidence of Acute GVHD (aGVHD) | Within 100 days post-transplantation |
| Incidence of Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) | Up to 24 months post-transplantation |
Contacts
CONTACTwei MD, PhD
Outcome results
None listed