Core Stability, Breathing Exercise, Low Back Pain
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined diaphragmatic breathing and trunk stabilization exercises on pain, function, and muscle activity in patients with chronic low back pain, and to compare its clinical effectiveness with trunk stabilization exercise alone.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALtrunk stabilization exercise
Trunk stabilization exercises consisting of dead bug, bridge, side plank, and bird dog were performed for 10 repetitions in 3 sets, while the side plank was performed for 5 repetitions with a 10-second hold for 3 sets. Rest intervals between sets were set at 1 minute.
BEHAVIORALdiaphragmatic breathing exercise
diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed in a crook-lying position with one hand placed on the sternum and the other on the abdomen. Participants were instructed to inhale through the nose for 5 seconds, allowing lateral expansion of the rib cage, and exhale through pursed lips for 10 seconds while minimizing chest movement. The breathing exercise was performed for 10 repetitions in 3 sets with 1-minute rest between sets.
Sponsors
lee kyoungju
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals with low back pain lasting at least 3 months (12 weeks) * Individuals with a pain intensity of 3 or higher on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) * Individuals who are physically capable of performing trunk stabilization and diaphragmatic breathing exercises
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal disorders * Pregnant individuals * Individuals with fractures or deformities of the spine or related areas * Individuals with sensory deficits * Individuals who engaged in activities that could affect the study results (e.g., medication use, alcohol consumption, or excessive exercise) within 24 hours prior to participation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| pain intensity | Baseline and Week 4 | Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a 0-10 cm scale where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Functional disability | Baseline and Week 4 | Functional disability was assessed using the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI). The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater disability. Disability levels are interpreted as follows: 0-20 (minimal disability), 21-40 (moderate disability), 41-60 (severe disability), 61-80 (crippled), and 81-100 (bed-bound or exaggerating symptoms). |
Countries
South Korea
Outcome results
None listed