Burn Injury
Conditions
Keywords
Burn patients, Burn dressing, Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, Pain, Anxiety, Quality of life
Brief summary
This study will evaluate the effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on pain, anxiety, and quality of life in burn patients during the dressing process. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group will receive non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for 20 minutes before dressing, one group will receive non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for 20 minutes during dressing, and the control group will receive standard dressing care only. Pain will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, anxiety will be assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and quality of life will be assessed using the SF-12 Health Survey. The study aims to determine whether non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation can reduce dressing-related pain and anxiety and improve quality of life in burn patients.
Detailed description
Burn injuries are associated with severe pain, psychological distress, and reduced quality of life. Dressing procedures may cause additional procedural pain and anxiety, which can negatively affect patient comfort, treatment adherence, and rehabilitation. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation is a neuromodulation method that stimulates the auricular branch of the vagus nerve through electrodes placed on the external ear. This method may modulate autonomic nervous system activity and may have beneficial effects on pain and anxiety. This randomized, three-group comparative interventional study will include adult burn patients who require repeated dressing procedures. A total of 96 participants will be included, with 32 participants in each group. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation before dressing, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation during dressing, or standard dressing care only. In the first intervention group, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation will be applied for 20 minutes before the dressing procedure. In the second intervention group, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation will be applied for 20 minutes during the dressing procedure. In the control group, participants will receive only the standard dressing procedure without non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation. For participants receiving non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, electrodes will be placed on the tragus and the inner and posterior surfaces of the concha of the external ear. Stimulation will be applied continuously for 20 minutes using a biphasic asymmetric waveform, a pulse duration of 300 microseconds, and a frequency of 25 Hz. The stimulation intensity will be increased in 0.1 mA steps until the sensory threshold is reached. If the participant feels unwell during stimulation, the procedure will be stopped. Participants are expected to undergo dressing procedures every other day for a total of seven sessions. Pain will be evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale before and after each dressing session. Anxiety will be evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and quality of life will be evaluated using the SF-12 Health Survey before the first dressing session and before the seventh dressing session. The study will compare changes in pain, anxiety, and quality of life between the three groups.
Interventions
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation will be applied using electrodes placed on the tragus and the inner and posterior surfaces of the concha of the external ear. Stimulation will be applied continuously for 20 minutes with a biphasic asymmetric waveform, a pulse duration of 300 microseconds, and a frequency of 25 Hz. The stimulation intensity will be increased in 0.1 mA steps until the sensory threshold is reached. If the participant feels unwell during stimulation, the procedure will be stopped.
PROCEDUREStandard Dressing Care
Participants will receive standard burn wound dressing care according to the routine clinical procedures of the burn outpatient clinic.
Sponsors
Fenerbahce University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The outcomes assessor will be masked to group allocation. Participants will be assigned to one of three groups, but outcome assessments will be recorded by an assessor who is not involved in the intervention procedures and will not be informed of the participants' group assignments.
Intervention model description
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation before dressing, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation during dressing, or standard dressing care only. Each participant will remain in the assigned group throughout the study.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Aged 18 to 65 years * Having superficial or deep second-degree burns requiring dressing during the acute period * Expected to attend at least 7 dressing sessions * Willing to participate in the study and able to provide written informed consent * Able to read and understand Turkish
Exclusion criteria
* Infection, ulcer, or scar tissue on the auricle * Burns in the head and neck region that prevent application of the device to the auricular vagus nerve area * Metallic implant in the skull * Excessive sensitivity, injury, or inflammation in the ear * Chronic pulmonary and/or cardiac disease * Heart rate below 60 beats per minute * Presence of a pacemaker or cochlear implant * Uncontrolled hypertension * Lack of cooperation * Refusal or inability to sign the informed consent form
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Pain Intensity | Before and after each dressing session through 7 dressing sessions, approximately 14 days | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Participants will mark their pain level on a 100-mm line, where 0 indicates no pain and 100 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. Pain will be measured before and after each dressing session. |
| Change in Anxiety Level | Before the first dressing session and before the seventh dressing session, approximately 14 days | Anxiety level will be assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The scale includes 21 items scored from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. |
| Change in Quality of Life | Before the first dressing session and before the seventh dressing session, approximately 14 days | Quality of life will be assessed using the SF-12 Health Survey. The SF-12 evaluates physical and mental health components of quality of life. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORSümeyye Akçay, Asst. Prof.
Fenerbahçe University
Outcome results
None listed