Gingivitis, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontitis, Smoking ( Cigarette)
Conditions
Keywords
pyroptosis, NLRP3 Inflammasome, Interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1β), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Cigarette Smoking, TLR1, TLR4, TLR6
Brief summary
This study investigates the impact of smoking on pyroptosis and inflammatory signaling pathways in systemically healthy individuals with various periodontal conditions. The research compares smokers and non-smokers across three clinical categories, resulting in six study groups: Healthy Control, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis. The study specifically evaluates the levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, and NLRP3 through ELISA, and the gene expression of TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6 through RT-PCR, to understand how cigarette smoke modulates innate immune responses in the absence of other systemic diseases.
Detailed description
The aim of this research is to clarify the molecular link between tobacco use and pyroptotic cell death pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. To eliminate systemic bias, only systemically healthy participants are included. The study design consists of 6 distinct groups based on a 2x3 matrix (Smoking Status: Yes/No × Periodontal Status: Healthy/Gingivitis/Periodontitis). Protein levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-18) are measured in periodontal tissues using the ELISA method. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR4, and TLR6) are analyzed via RT-PCR. These findings will help determine how smoking influences tissue destruction mechanisms specifically through the pyroptosis pathway in different stages of gum disease.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Suleyman Demirel University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_CONTROL
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, * Smokers (gingivitis and stage 3/4 generalized periodontitis) and non-smokers (gingivitis and stage 3/4 generalized periodontitis) who applied to the Periodontology Clinical of Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, * Individuals without any systemic diseases and without using any medications that affect periodontal health were included.
Exclusion criteria
* Individuals who refuse to participate in the study or who cannot comply with the study protocol, * Individuals participating in another clinical trial concurrently, Individuals who have received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months, * Individuals who have used medications (antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.) that may affect periodontal parameters within the last 3 months, * Individuals with systemic diseases that may affect the periodontium, * Individuals with systemic diseases presenting with oral symptoms, * Individuals with malignant disease, * Pregnant or lactating women, * Individuals with psychological or physical disabilities, * Individuals with substance abuse, * Individuals with severe malocclusion, undergoing orthodontic treatment, using appliances, or using removable dentures, * Individuals with acute dental infection or pain (cavities, abscesses, etc.).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Relative mRNA expression levels of TLR1,TLR4 and TLR6 | Baseline (At the clinical examination) | Metric:Fold change (2\^-ΔΔCt method). Measurement of gene expression levels in gingival tissues using the RT-PCR method. |
| Protein concerntrations of NLRP3, IL-18 and IL-1β | Baseline (At the time of clinical examinat | Metric: Picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Evaluation of protein concentrations in gingival tissue samples using the ELISA method. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) | Baseline (At the time of clinical examination) | Metric: square millimeters (mm²). Calculation of the total periodontal inflamed surface area to quantify the inflammatory burden. |
| Periodontal Clinical Measurements (PD and CAL) | Baseline (At the time of clinical examination) | Metric: millimeters (mm). Measurements of Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) using a periodontal probe. |
| Periodontal Indices (PI and GI) | Baseline (At the time of clinical examination) | Metric: 0-3 numerical scale. Assessment of Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) to evaluate oral hygiene and gingival inflammation. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed