VR vs Classical Anatomy Teaching

Anatomy Education, Medical Education

virtual reality, anatomy education, medical students, wrist anatomy

This is a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled educational trial comparing the effectiveness of PlayStation VR2-based immersive virtual reality (VR) anatomy teaching versus classical (lecture/atlas/3D-model) teaching for wrist anatomy among first-year medical students at Kyrenia University Dr. Suat Gunsel Hospital. Eighty healthy adult students will be randomized 1:1 into a VR Group (30-35-minute PSVR2 wrist anatomy module delivered on PlayStation 5) or a Classical Group (30-35-minute faculty-led standard anatomy education using lecture, atlas, and 3D anatomical models). The primary outcome is immediate post-test knowledge score (multiple-choice questions plus visual labeling; 0-30 scale). Secondary outcomes include a 2-4-week retention test, Likert-type learning satisfaction (15-75), cognitive load (0-10), and incidence and severity of VR-related side effects (dizziness, nausea, eye strain; 0-3 ordinal). Outcome assessors are blinded to allocation. The study aims to evaluate whether immersive VR is non-inferior or superior to classical teaching for initial acquisition and short-term retention of wrist anatomy knowledge, while characterizing tolerability of consumer-grade VR in an educational setting.

This prospective, two-arm parallel randomized controlled educational study evaluates whether PlayStation VR2-based immersive virtual reality improves wrist anatomy knowledge acquisition and retention compared to classical anatomy teaching in first-year medical students. Background: Carpal anatomy presents significant spatial complexity, making it one of the most challenging regions for early medical students. Three-dimensional visualization tools have shown promise in anatomy education; however, no study has evaluated consumer-grade immersive VR (PlayStation VR2) as a standalone teaching intervention in this domain. Study Design: Participants are randomized 1:1 via computer-generated allocation to either the VR Group or the Classical Group. Randomization is performed centrally prior to the educational session. Interventions: VR Group: 30-35 minute wrist anatomy module delivered via PlayStation 5 console and PlayStation VR2 headset, allowing interactive 3D exploration of carpal bones and surrounding structures. Classical Group: 30-35 minute standardized faculty-led anatomy session using lecture slides, anatomical atlas, and 3D bone models. Assessments: Pre-test (10 MCQ, 0-10): Administered before intervention to assess baseline knowledge; used as covariate in ANCOVA. Post-test (30 points: 20 MCQ + 10-point visual labeling): Administered immediately after intervention. Retention test (same format as post-test): Administered 2-4 weeks after intervention. Learning satisfaction questionnaire (15-item Likert scale, researcher-developed): Administered post-session. Cognitive load scale (3 items, 0-10 NRS): Administered post-session. VR Side Effect Screening (VR group only): Dizziness, nausea, eye strain, discomfort - 4-level ordinal scale. Statistical Analysis: Primary analysis will use ANCOVA with post-test score as the dependent variable, group as the fixed factor, and pre-test score as the covariate. Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U will be used for secondary continuous outcomes. Statistical significance is set at α=0.05 (two-tailed). All analyses will follow intention-to-treat principles.

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