Sedentary
Conditions
Keywords
Combined exercise, Arteriosclerosis, Sedentary, Postmenopausal women
Brief summary
This study investigated the effects of three exercise modalities: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and combined exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women.
Detailed description
This study aims to compare the effects of different kinds of exercise on the risk of arteriosclerosis in sedentary postmenopausal women. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned to aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, combined exercise or control group. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Endothelial function indicators, chronic inflammation indicators, arteriosclerosis related indicators, blood pressure indicators were assessed before and after the intervention.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALAE group
Aerobic exercise
BEHAVIORALRE group
Resistance exercise
BEHAVIORALCE group
Combined exercise
BEHAVIORALON group
No intervention
Sponsors
Beijing Sport University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
45 Years to 69 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants have been postmenopausal for more than 12 months and have not received any exogenous estrogen supplementation after menopause. * Participants were screened using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S), with a physical activity level classified as "low." They must not have engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 3 days per week, with a duration of no less than 30 minutes per day, for over 3 consecutive months. * Participants were screened using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire+ (PAR-Q+) and be deemed safe to undergo further intervention.
Exclusion criteria
* Participants with acute or chronic musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or similar conditions. * Participants with abnormal blood pressure: resting systolic blood pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>90 mmHg, or those taking antihypertensive medications. * Participants with abnormally high arterial stiffness (within pathological range): brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) \>1800 cm/s. * Participants recently taken medications that may affect blood indicators, such as hormones or anti-inflammatory drugs. * Participants with unstable body weight in the past 3 months (fluctuation greater than ±2.5 kg). * Participants currently participating in other intervention studies or those with regular exercise habits in daily life. * Participants who smoke or consume alcohol regularly.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Flow mediated dilation (FMD) | 12 weeks | The change of flow mediated dilation before and after intervention. |
| Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) | 12 weeks | The change of baPWV before and after intervention. |
| Ankle brachial index (ABI) | 12 weeks | The change of ABI before and after intervention. |
| Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) | 12 weeks | The change of cIMT before and after intervention. |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 12 weeks | The change of SBP before and after intervention. |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | 12 weeks | The change of DBP before and after intervention. |
| Peak systolic velocity (PSV) | 12 weeks | The change of PSV of carotid artery before and after intervention. |
| End diastolic velocity (EDV) | 12 weeks | The change of EDV of carotid artery before and after intervention. |
| Pulsatility index (PI) | 12 weeks | The change of PI of carotid artery before and after intervention. |
| Resistance index (RI) | 12 weeks | The change of RI of carotid artery before and after intervention. |
| Wall Shear Stress (WSS) | 12 weeks | The change of WSS of carotid artery before and after intervention. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Nitric oxide (NO) | 12 weeks | The change of serum NO before and after intervention. |
| Prostacyclin (PGI2) | 12 weeks | The change of serum PGI2 before and after intervention. |
| Endothelin-1 (ET-1) | 12 weeks | The change of serum ET-1 before and after intervention. |
| Angiotensin II (AngII) | 12 weeks | The change of serum AngII before and after intervention. |
| C-Reactive protein (CRP) | 12 weeks | The change of serum CRP before and after intervention. |
| Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | 12 weeks | The change of serum IL-6 before and after intervention. |
| Estrogen | 12 weeks | The change of serum estrogen before and after intervention. |
| Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) | 12 weeks | The change of serum sICAM-1 before and after intervention. |
| Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) | 12 weeks | The change of serum sVCAM-1 before and after intervention. |
| Total Cholesterol (TC) | 12 weeks | The change of serum TC before and after intervention. |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | 12 weeks | The change of serum HDL-C before and after intervention. |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | 12 weeks | The change of serum LDL-C before and after intervention. |
| Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (LVPWd) | 12 weeks | The change of LVPWd before and after intervention. |
| Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole (LVPWs) | 12 weeks | The change of LVPWs before and after intervention. |
| Stroke volume (SV) | 12 weeks | The change of SV before and after intervention. |
| Heart rate (HR) | 12 weeks | The change of HR before and after intervention. |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) | 12 weeks | The change of LVEF before and after intervention. |
| Cardiac output (CO) | 12 weeks | The change of CO before and after intervention. |
| Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) | 12 weeks | The change of serum eNOS before and after intervention. |
| Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) | 12 weeks | The change of VO2max before and after intervention. |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 12 weeks | The change of BMI before and after intervention. |
| Body fat weight | 12 weeks | The change of body fat weight before and after intervention. |
| Body fat% | 12 weeks | The change of body fat% before and after intervention. |
| Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) | 12 weeks | The change of PSQI before and after intervention. |
| Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) | 12 weeks | The change of FFQ before and after intervention. |
| Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) mRNA and Protein Expression | 12 weeks | The change of CD14 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention. |
| Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) mRNA | 12 weeks | The change of MAPK14 mRNA before and after intervention. |
| p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) Protein Expression | 12 weeks | The change of p38 MAPK Protein Expression before and after intervention. |
| Tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) mRNA and Protein Expression | 12 weeks | The change of TSPAN4 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention. |
| Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) mRNA and Protein Expression | 12 weeks | The change of NOS3 mRNA and Protein Expression before and after intervention. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed