Muscle Mechanical Properties, Resistance Training
Conditions
Keywords
Resistance Training, Myotonometry, Bench Press, Machine Chest Press, Exercise selection
Brief summary
This randomized controlled study aims to compare the acute effects of bench press (BP) and machine chest press (MCP) exercises on the mechanical properties of the pectoralis major muscle in resistance-trained bodybuilders. Sixteen male athletes are randomly assigned to BP or MCP groups. Both groups perform four sets of ten repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum with equalized volume load. Muscle mechanical properties, including oscillation frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation time, and creep, are measured using MyotonPRO before and immediately after exercise. The study hypothesizes that BP will induce greater stiffness due to higher stabilization demands, whereas MCP will produce greater increases in oscillation frequency due to more isolated loading.
Detailed description
Exercise selection is a key determinant of acute neuromuscular responses during resistance training. Bench press (BP) and machine chest press (MCP) are widely used exercises targeting the pectoralis major, but they differ biomechanically in stabilization demands and load distribution. While BP requires multi-joint stabilization and increased neuromuscular coordination, MCP provides a guided movement pattern that isolates the pectoralis major. Despite similar muscle activation reported in previous electromyographic studies, the acute mechanical responses of muscle tissue to these exercises have not been directly compared. Muscle mechanical properties, including oscillation frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation time, and creep, provide objective insights into neuromuscular function and fatigue. In this randomized controlled trial, sixteen male bodybuilders with at least five years of resistance training experience are assigned to BP or MCP groups. Both groups perform four sets of ten repetitions at 80% 1RM. MyotonPRO is used to assess mechanical properties of the pectoralis major before and immediately after exercise. The primary aim is to determine whether biomechanical differences between BP and MCP produce distinct acute mechanical responses in muscle tissue.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALBench Press Exercise
Participants performed a resistance training protocol consisting of four sets of ten repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum using barbell bench press, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets.
BEHAVIORALMachine Chest Press Exercise
Participants performed a resistance training protocol consisting of four sets of ten repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum using a machine chest press, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets.
Sponsors
Nihat Sarıalioğlu
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded to group allocation. Participants and care providers were not blinded due to the nature of the exercise interventions.
Intervention model description
Participants are randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: bench press or machine chest press. Each group performs a single-session resistance training protocol consisting of four sets of ten repetitions at 80% of one-repetition maximum. Muscle mechanical properties are assessed before and immediately after the intervention.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
20 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male participants * Aged between 20 and 40 years * Minimum of 5 years of regular resistance training experience * Competitive bodybuilding athletes
Exclusion criteria
* History of musculoskeletal injury affecting the pectoralis major, shoulder, or upper extremity within the last 12 months * History of upper extremity surgery * Use of anabolic steroids or performance-enhancing substances within the last 12 months
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in pectoralis major muscle stiffness measured by MyotonPRO | Baseline and immediately post-exercise (within 90 seconds) | Muscle stiffness (N/m) of the pectoralis major was measured using MyotonPRO before and immediately after the exercise protocol. |
| Change in oscillation frequency (muscle tone) of the pectoralis major measured by MyotonPRO | Baseline and immediately post-exercise (within 90 seconds) | Muscle stiffness (N/m) and oscillation frequency (Hz), representing muscle tone, were measured using MyotonPRO before and immediately after the exercise protocol. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed