Fall Prevention Education Control Condition, Taekwondo-based Fall Prevention Exercise Condition
Conditions
Keywords
Fall prevention exercise, Older adults, Randomized controlled trial, Physical Activity, Feasibility
Brief summary
Falls in older adults are a public health crisis, as 30% of older adults fall each year, with a mortality rate of 78%.1 Fall-related healthcare costs are over 50 billion dollars.1 Therefore, preventing older adults from falling is important in both individual and public health aspects by increasing their quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. However, the current fall-prevention exercise programs have a limitation in maintaining exercise adherence behaviors or increasing physical activities once the intervention is completed.2 The theory-based exercise program shows a higher adherence and retention rate.3,4 Taekwondo (TKD), one type of martial arts, can be a potential channel to deliver a theory-based fall prevention exercise program. Therefore, this study aims to test the feasibility of the potential 12 Taekwondo-based fall prevention exercise program for older adults and its preliminary efficacy using a randomized controlled trial.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALFall prevention exercise using Taekwondo
Current fall-prevention exercise programs have a limitation in maintaining exercise adherence behaviors or increasing physical activities once the intervention is completed.2 The theory-based exercise program shows a higher adherence and retention rate.3,4 Taekwondo (TKD), one type of martial arts, can be a potential channel to deliver a theory-based fall prevention exercise program. Therefore, this study aims to test the feasibility of the potential 12 Taekwondo-based fall prevention exercise program for older adults and its preliminary efficacy using RCT.
BEHAVIORALLive Strong and Safe Program on Fall Prevention
Live Strong and Safe Program on Fall Prevention online education includes three modules. Module1 has three sessions that provide overview of fall prevention such as fall statistics, and preventable risk factors. Module2 has eight sessions that provide tips to ensure the home safety for fall prevention. Module3 has 12 sessions that provide tips for personal safety from nutrition to mental health. Participants will complete this module at their own pace, and report their progress through email or text message each week.
Sponsors
University of South Carolina
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
RCT
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
55 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Older adults ages 55 and above 2. Adequate physical ability to perform walking independently 3. Able to use a smartphone app without assistance 4. Capable of providing informed consent 5. Agree to be randomized to the group
Exclusion criteria
1. Plan to have surgery or relocate outside the area within the next 3 months 2. Currently participate in other studies involving physical activity or fall-prevention research studies 3. Frail older adults screened by the FRAIL questionnaire
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recruitment Feasibility | Post-intervention at week 7. | The number of participants enrolled in the study per month; The number of participants who provided consent over the eligible participants. |
| Intervention Satisfaction | Post intervention at week 7 | 8-item questionnaire with 7-point Likert (adapted from Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale). The response scale ranges from 1-7, spanning from the lowest degree (=1) to the highest degree (=7). |
| Perceived feasibility | Post intervention at week 7 | Using 5 points Likert Scale, and the response scale is (1): Completely disagree; (3) Neither agree or disagree; to (5): Completely agree. These items ask about participants' perceived program acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility |
| Intervention fidelity | Every exercise session | Fidelity checklist scored by the independent rater |
| Adherence rate | Post intervention (At Week 7) | Number of sessions each participant attended / total sessions provided (i.e., 12) |
| Intention to reparticipate | Post intervention (At Week 7) | Use 4-item questionnaire with 5-point Likert Scale. The response scale is (1): Strongly disagree; (3) Neither agree or disagree, to Maximum (5): Strongly agree |
| Adverse event | Anytime during the intervention period | The number of grade 1 adverse events occurred across all exercise sessions. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical function | Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 7) | Static and dynamic balance: Balance Error Scoring System (Outcome unit: number of errors occurred) Functional Gait Assessment (Outcome unit: a score ranging from 0-30) Muscle strength: 30-second chair-stand tests (Outcome unit: number of successful trials) Gait speed: Timed-Up and Go (Outcome unit: total time (seconds) to complete the task) |
| Fear of falling | Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 7) | The Falls Efficacy Scale-International - 16 items with 4-point Likert Scale ranging from (1): Not at all concerned to (4): Very concerned. |
| Activity and Sedentary fragmentation | Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 7) | Activity fragmentation: Transition probability from activity behavior to sedentary behavior every minute. Sedentary fragmentation: Transition probability from sedentary behavior to activity behavior every minute. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
STUDY_CHAIRChih-Hsiang Yang, PhD
2. University of South Carolina
Outcome results
None listed