Diabete Mellitus, Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Conditions
Brief summary
Empowerment-based education may offer a sustainable approach to type 2 diabetes management, yet rigorous evidence within the Chinese healthcare context was lacking.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEmpowerment-Based Health Education
The program consisted of six weekly sessions, each lasting approximately 60-90 minutes, including 1) introducing introducing the empowerment philosophy; 2) enhancing diabetes knowledge and correct misconceptions through guided questioning and a "Myth Busters" group activity; 3) encouraging participants to reflect on their understanding of the disease; dietary management by teaching the food exchange method through hands-on activities with food models; 5) facilitating discussions on benefits and barriers to physical activity; teaching participants how to calculate appropriate exercise intensity; 6) sharing participants' personal progress and guiding them to develop individualized long-term self-management plans.
Sponsors
Eotvos Lorand University
Jiaxing University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
40 Years to 100 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. diagnosed with T2DM according to clinical record; 2. aged 40 years or older; 3. duration of diabetes of at least 6 months; 4. ability to communicate and complete questionnaires independently; 5. provision of written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
1. presence of severe diabetes complications (e.g., renal failure, proliferative retinopathy, severe neuropathy); 2. diagnosis with other major chronic illnesses (e.g., cancer, severe heart failure); 3. pregnancy or lactation; 4. participation in other interventional studies during the trial period; 5. cognitive or psychiatric disorders that would impede participation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks | level of Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) , which aimed to reflect average blood glucose levels . |
| fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks | Lelel of Glycemic control, which reflects immediate glycemic status |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes-specific knowledge | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks | Score of Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT). |
| Self-efficacy | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks | Score of Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES). |
| diabetes self-management behaviors | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks | Score of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed