End-Stage Renal Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Foot Reflexology, Sleep Hygiene, Sleep Quality, Hemodialysis, Nursing Care
Brief summary
Sleep problems are common in people undergoing dialysis treatment due to kidney failure. Methods other than medication can be used to improve this condition. For example, reflexology, a foot massage technique, and sleep training can be helpful. This study investigated the effects of reflexology and sleep training on sleep quality and comfort in dialysis patients in Cyprus. The results showed that both reflexology and sleep training improved patients' sleep and overall comfort. However, reflexology was found to be more effective than the other methods. Objective: To improve sleep quality and comfort in dialysis patients. Method: Reflexology (foot massage) and sleep training were applied. Findings: Both methods improved sleep and comfort. Conclusion: Reflexology was found to be more effective than sleep training.
Detailed description
Study Design: This study was designed as a pre-test-post-test controlled experimental clinical trial. Objective: To evaluate the effects of reflexology and sleep hygiene training on sleep quality and comfort level in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Participants: Individuals receiving hemodialysis treatment were included in the study. Interventions: Reflexology group: Patients received foot reflexology at regular intervals. Sleep hygiene training group: Patients received regular training to improve their sleep habits. Control group: Routine care was provided.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALReflexology
Reflexology in this study is a structured, standardized foot reflexology protocol specifically designed for hemodialysis patients. Unlike general massage applications, this intervention focuses on defined reflex points on the feet that are theoretically associated with systemic effects, particularly relaxation and sleep regulation. The sessions were delivered twice weekly for 30 minutes over 8 weeks by a trained practitioner using a consistent technique and pressure protocol. This standardized duration, frequency, and protocol distinguish it from non-structured or general complementary massage practices used in other studies.
Sponsors
Kibrıs Aydin Üniversitesi
Cyprus Aydin University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Masking description
Blinding was not possible in this study because participants could tell which intervention they received (reflexology, sleep hygiene training, or routine care). However, efforts were made to assess the outcomes in an objective and standardized way.
Intervention model description
ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of reflexology and sleep hygiene training on sleep quality and comfort in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 60 hemodialysis patients, who were randomly assigned into three groups (20 each): reflexology, sleep hygiene training, and control. The reflexology group received reflexology twice weekly for 30 minutes over 8 weeks. The sleep hygiene group received weekly 20-minute training sessions for 8 weeks. The control group received routine care only. Sleep quality and comfort levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Both reflexology and sleep hygiene training improved sleep quality and comfort levels compared to baseline. However, reflexology showed a greater improvement than sleep hygiene training and routine care. Conclusion: Reflexology is a more effective complementary intervention than sleep hygiene training in improving sleep qualit
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients undergoing hemodialysis for at least 6 months * Voluntary participation in the study * Aged between 18 and 65 years * No communication problems * No active infectious disease
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of an open foot ulcer * Suspected fracture or burn in the foot area * Thrombocytopenia * Diagnosed deep vein thrombosis 5.Diagnosed peripheral neuropathy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). | Baseline and 8 weeks | The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was developed by Daniel J. Buysse et al. in 1989. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Mehmet Yavuz Ağargün et al. The PSQI is a widely used instrument that evaluates individuals' sleep quality and distinguishes between "good sleepers" and "poor sleepers." The PSQI consists of 18 items and seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored on a 0-3 scale, and the sum of the component scores yields a total score ranging from 0 to 21. A total score of ≥5 indicates poor sleep quality. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hemodialysis Comfort Scale II (HCS-II) | Baseline and 8 weeks | The Hemodialysis Comfort Scale II (HCS-II) was developed by Sultan Koşar Şahin and Sema Pakyüz. It is a valid and reliable instrument used to assess the comfort level of patients who have been receiving hemodialysis treatment for at least three months. The scale consists of 26 items and six subdimensions and is structured as a 5-point Likert-type scale. Higher total scores indicate a higher level of comfort, whereas lower scores indicate lower comfort levels. |
Countries
Cyprus
Contacts
STUDY_DIRECTORLALE A BÜYÜKGÖNENÇ, MD
Cprus Aydın University
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORUlfet K KRAL, PhD
KIBRIS AYDIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Outcome results
None listed