Venipuncture-related Pain and Anxiety
Conditions
Keywords
pain, child, venipuncture, anxiety
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether using two different types of balls can reduce pain and anxiety during venipuncture in school-aged children (7-12 years) in a pediatric emergency setting. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does squeezing a soft ball or a textured (ridged) ball during venipuncture reduce perceived pain compared to a control group? Does squeezing a soft ball or a textured (ridged) ball during venipuncture reduce situational anxiety compared to a control group? Researchers will compare the soft ball, textured ball, and control groups to see if the type of ball affects children's pain and anxiety levels. Participants will: Complete a demographic and clinical information form. Use Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS) and Child Anxiety Scale-State (ÇAS-D) to report pain and anxiety before, during, and after venipuncture. Squeeze either a soft or textured ball during venipuncture (for experimental groups) while control group children receive standard care without distraction.
Interventions
OTHERSoft ball
Participants will squeeze a soft, non-resistant ball with the hand opposite to the venipuncture site during blood draw to provide distraction and tactile stimulation. The ball is easily compressible, returns to its original shape, and is safe for repeated use.
OTHERspiky ball
Participants will squeeze a textured (spiky), resistant ball with the hand opposite to the venipuncture site during blood draw to provide tactile stimulation and distraction. The ball has small rounded protrusions, offers resistance when squeezed, and is safe for repeated use.
Sponsors
Ankara University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Children aged 7-12 years. At least one prior experience of blood draw within the past year. Able to communicate in Turkish. Written informed consent obtained from both child and parents. No physical, auditory, intellectual, or neurological disabilities. No dermatological conditions affecting hand integrity. No analgesic, antipyretic, or anti-inflammatory drug use within the last 12 hours. No acute pain reported before the procedure. No chronic illness causing regular invasive procedures or chronic pain.
Exclusion criteria
Inability to complete the first blood draw. Holding another object during the procedure. Withdrawal from the study at any point. Not meeting any of the inclusion criteria listed above.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Level During Venipuncture | Immediately before, during, and immediately after venipuncture | Anxiety will be assessed using the Child Anxiety Scale-Situational before, during, and after venipuncture. |
| Pain Level During Venipuncture | Immediately before, during, and immediately after venipuncture | Pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBS) before, during, and after venipuncture. |
Contacts
CONTACTzeynep yurdakul, phd
CONTACTaylin arıkan, phd
Outcome results
None listed