Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
elderly adult, intervention, emotionality, anxiety, agitated behavior
Brief summary
Objective No. 1: Verify the short-term effectiveness of the Activation-Socialization Intervention Program on the experiences (emotionality, anxiety) and behavior (agitated behavior) of seniors in the experimental and control groups. Objective No. 2: Verify the long-term effectiveness of the Activation-Socialization Intervention Program on the experience (emotionality, anxiety) and behavior (agitated behavior) of seniors in the experimental and control groups.
Detailed description
The main question the project seeks to answer is: Are there significant differences in the degree of emotional experience- negative and positive emotional states-anxiety, and the occurrence of agitated behavior-aggressive, physically non-aggressive, and verbally agitated behavior-between the experimental group of older adults and the control group of older adults during the measurements (pretest measurement vs. retest measurement; pretest measurement vs. retest measurement II; retest measurement vs. retest measurement II)? Researchers will compare the experimental group (older adults participating in the A-S IP program) with the control group (older adults not participating in the intervention) to assess the impact on emotional states, anxiety, and agitated behavior. Participants will: * Participate in 45 activities based on three areas (Laughter therapy, Reminiscence therapy, and Intervention to stimulate of cognitive and social skills) * Engage in group activities for 5 weeks, with daily sessions scheduled for the morning and afternoon * Provide feedback on their experiences through surveys and questionnaires to assess their emotional states, anxiety and agitated behavior, and satisfaction with the intervention
Interventions
OTHERActivation and Socialization Intervention Program
The content of the Activation and Socialization Intervention Program is designed based on the identified needs and interests of seniors. It consists of 45 activities, which are divided into three concepts. Laughter therapy (Ďuricová, 2026c) includes 13 activities, Reminiscence therapy (Ďuricová, 2026b) includes 13 activities, The intervention to stimulate cognitive abilities and social skills (Ďuricová, 2026a) consists of 19 activities. The implementation of the Program is planned for a period of five weeks, during which activities take place regularly every working day in two blocks. Each day includes two activities - one in the morning (10:00-11:00 a.m.) and one in the afternoon (1:00-2:00 p.m.). The proposed activities are incorporated into the program in a targeted manner and planned in advance according to methodological principles, with their schedule respecting the principles, which are listed in publications (Ďuricová, 2026a, 2026b, 2026c).
Sponsors
Diana Ďuricová
European Union
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
62 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for edlerly adults: * age over 62 years, * residence in a facility for seniors in in the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region of the Slovak Republic, * willingness and ability to participate in the research (taking into account physiological and psychological health limitations), * availability of an internal or external psychologist/psychiatris * the presence of at least two employees with the required education (social work, andragogy, psychology, nursing) or completed training (social rehabilitation instructor) who have participated in the Education Program
Exclusion criteria
for elderly adults: * age 62 years and under, residence in another type of facility (e.g. specialized facility, crisis center, community center), residence outside the territory of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region of the Slovak Republic, * inability to participate in the research due to serious health problems, * unavailability of professional staff or psychologist/psychiatrist, * unwillingness or disagreement with participation in the research * participation in another intervention program during the duration of the research * non-participation of employees in the Education Program
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Scale of Emotional Habituation of Subjective Well-Being - SEHP (Džuka & Dalbert, 2002) | two months | The Scale of Emotional Habituation of Subjective Well-Being - SEHP (Džuka \& Dalbert, 2002) was used to examine the short-term effectiveness of the intervention programme. The self-esteem scale maps the frequency of experiencing positive and negative emotions, totalling 10. Negative emotional experiencing consists of six emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, pain, sadness, and shame, positive emotional experiencing consists of pleasure, physical freshness, joy, and happiness. The participants responded on a six-point scale (6 - almost always; 1 - almost never). The total score of negative emotions is the sum of negative emotions, and the total score of positive emotions is the sum of positive emotions (Džuka et al., 2021). |
| The Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al., 1970, ed. Ruisel et al., 1980) | two months | The Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al., 1970, ed. Ruisel et al., 1980), specifically only the anxiety portion of the questionnaire, i.e., the Scale for the Measurement of Anxiety as a Condition, STAI X-1. This is the self-assessment portion of the questionnaire, which maps the degree of current experience of feelings of tension, tenseness, nervousness, fear, and apprehension. It contains 20 statements, some of which relate to the existence of these feelings and some of which relate to their absence. Seniors rated their experiencing on a four-point scale (4 - very, 1 - not at all). The result is a total score, which is obtained by summing the values on the scale taking into account reverse scaling. The range of the total score is 20-80. We based the norms on those presented in the manual by Ruisel et al. (1980). |
| Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory - CMAI (Cohen-Mansfield, 1991), specifically CMAI-D, long version. | two months | Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory - CMAI (Cohen-Mansfield, 1991), specifically CMAI-D, long version. It is an assessment questionnaire, designed for institutional staff, that reflects the manifestations and frequency of agitated behaviors among older persons living in the facility. It includes 29 manifestations of behaviour, and social workers rated the behaviour of the elderly during the last 2 weeks on a seven-point scale (7 - several times per hour, 1 - never). The total score is calculated by summing all items (Sánchez, 2016). It reaches values of 29-203, based on the information that a total score (greater than) \> 45 indicates significant agitation (Cohen-Mansfield \& al., 1989). Cohen-Mansfield (1991) used factor analysis to develop three factors of agitated behaviour that occur in a nursing home: factor 1 - aggressive behavior; factor 2 - physically non-aggressive behavior; factor 3 - verbally agitated behavior. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Reflection Questionnaire (Ďuricová, 2023) | six weeks | This is a questionnaire that maps client satisfaction with activities. It includes three statements, with clients expressing their level of agreement on a three-point scale (agree - have no strong opinion - disagree) in the areas of: re participation, usefulness and disinterest in the activities. It also includes three incomplete sentences that seniors complete at will. Responses reflect what clients learned/how the activities helped them, what they liked most about the activities, what they would remove from the activities. |
| The Scale of Emotional Habituation of Subjective Well-Being - SEHP (Džuka & Dalbert, 2002) | six months | The Scale of Emotional Habituation of Subjective Well-Being - SEHP (Džuka \& Dalbert, 2002) was used to examine the short-term effectiveness of the intervention programme. The self-esteem scale maps the frequency of experiencing positive and negative emotions, totalling 10. Negative emotional experiencing consists of six emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, pain, sadness, and shame, positive emotional experiencing consists of pleasure, physical freshness, joy, and happiness. The participants responded on a six-point scale (6 - almost always; 1 - almost never). The total score of negative emotions is the sum of negative emotions, and the total score of positive emotions is the sum of positive emotions (Džuka et al., 2021). |
| The Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al., 1970, ed. Ruisel et al., 1980) | six months | The Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Inventory - STAI (Spielberger et al., 1970, ed. Ruisel et al., 1980), specifically only the anxiety portion of the questionnaire, i.e., the Scale for the Measurement of Anxiety as a Condition, STAI X-1. This is the self-assessment portion of the questionnaire, which maps the degree of current experience of feelings of tension, tenseness, nervousness, fear, and apprehension. It contains 20 statements, some of which relate to the existence of these feelings and some of which relate to their absence. Seniors rated their experiencing on a four-point scale (4 - very, 1 - not at all). The result is a total score, which is obtained by summing the values on the scale taking into account reverse scaling. The range of the total score is 20-80. We based the norms on those presented in the manual by Ruisel et al. (1980). |
| Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory - CMAI (Cohen-Mansfield, 1991), specifically CMAI-D, long version. | six months | Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory - CMAI (Cohen-Mansfield, 1991), specifically CMAI-D, long version. It is an assessment questionnaire, designed for institutional staff, that reflects the manifestations and frequency of agitated behaviors among older persons living in the facility. It includes 29 manifestations of behaviour, and social workers rated the behaviour of the elderly during the last 2 weeks on a seven-point scale (7 - several times per hour, 1 - never). The total score is calculated by summing all items (Sánchez, 2016). It reaches values of 29-203, based on the information that a total score (greater than) \> 45 indicates significant agitation (Cohen-Mansfield \& al., 1989). Cohen-Mansfield (1991) used factor analysis to develop three factors of agitated behaviour that occur in a nursing home: factor 1 - aggressive behavior; factor 2 - physically non-aggressive behavior; factor 3 - verbally agitated behavior. |
Countries
Slovakia
Contacts
STUDY_DIRECTORLenka Ďuricová, doc., Mgr., PhD.
Matej Bel University
Outcome results
None listed