Depression - Major Depressive Disorder, Anhedonia
Conditions
Keywords
Psilocybin, Psilocin, Psychedelic, Anhedonia, Depression, MRI, fMRI, functional MRI, Pharmaco-Imaging, MDD, Serotonin, Risperidone
Brief summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to systematically categorize potential prohedonic effects of psilocybin in patients with anhedonia in depression. The main questions it aims to answer are: Primary Objectives 1. Systematically categorize prohedonic effects (antianhedonic effects in patients with anhedonia in depression, increase in well-being in all participants). 2. Test effects of psilocybin on brain network complexity measures during the hedonic experience using fMRI as a correlate for prohedonic (anti-anhedonic and well-being increasing) effects. 3. Elucidate relevance of the psychedelic experience to these effects (clinical, behavioral, and imaging) in a pharmacological challenge using the 5-HT2A/D2 antagonist risperidone and extensive characterization of the psychedelic experience. Secondary Objectives 4. Test the differential effects of the psychedelic experience on fMRI paradigms measuring symptoms shown to be altered in anhedonia, more specifically reward processing and sexual arousal. 5. Test the relevance of neuroplasticity (BDNF) and inflammatory parameters to anti-anhedonic, well-being promoting, and brain network dynamic complexity effects. 6. Test the effects of the psychedelic experience on BDNF and inflammatory parameters. Researchers will compare the effects of psilocybin in two separate sessions (one with psilocybin alone, one with co-administration of risperidone) in both patients with depression and anhedonia and healthy control participants. Participants will: * Take 25 mg of psilocybin p.o. in two sessions, in one of the two sessions they will take 1 mg risperidone p.o. before ingestion of psilocybin, to block psilocybin's acute psychedelic effects. * Undergo 3 MRI sessions, one before the first psilocybin session ('baseline') and one session each on the day after each respective psilocybin session. * Perform a variety of tasks during each fMRI session to asses the treatment's effects on anhedonia.
Interventions
Participants will recieve two doses of Psilocybin 25 mg to be taken orally over the course of the study.
DRUGRisperidone 1 MG
30 minutes before administration of psilocybin in one of the sessions to inhibit acute psychedelic effects
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTMRI
Over the course of the study, participants will undergo three MRI measurement sessions. * M1 (baseline, before treatment) * M2 \& M3 (one day after each psilocybin session)
Sponsors
Medical University of Vienna
University of Vienna
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
All participants: * General health based on medical history, physical examination, blood draw, and electrocardiogram * Age 18 to 55 years * Right-handedness (due to potential lateralization effects of left-handed subjects) * Willingness and competence to sign the informed consent form * Normal BMI weight range (18.5-24.9) Specific to healthy subjects: * Psychiatric health based on structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (SCID) * No concomitant medication Specific to anhedonia patients: * Major depressive episode (first or recurrent) based on structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (SCID) and ICD-10 * Fulfilling the ICD-10 diagnostic criterion of anhedonia * No concomitant medication, specifically also free of antidepressants or other psychopharmaceuticals (for at least 2 weeks, 5 weeks for fluoxetin)
Exclusion criteria
All participants: * Current or history of neurological disease * Current medical illness requiring treatment * Pregnancy or current breastfeeding * Current or former substance dependency * Any contraindication for MRI * Failure to comply with the study protocol or to follow the instruction of the investigating team * Failure to confirm effective use of contraception in females at least 8 weeks before and after study participation each * First-degree relative with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia Specific to healthy subjects: \- Psychiatric diagnosis Specific to anhedonia patients: \- Psychiatric comorbidities excluding anxiety disorders and/or obsessive-compulsive disorders
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Aesthetic task | From enrolment until the second assessment session (up to 9 weeks after enrolment) | This task is designed to evoke and probe the nature and extent of the aesthetic experience. Two sets of stimuli will be presented. Each set consists of 20 pieces of self-selected music with 10 pieces inducing highly hedonic experiences and 10 neutral pieces. After stimulus presentation, subjects will rate how aesthetically moving the experience was, whether they experienced chills, and what the valence of the experience was on a Likert scale. |
| Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task | From enrolment until the last imaging session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | The MID task is established to evoke and assess reward and punishment, which are centrally involved in anhedonia. The task observes several stages of reward processing, i.e., reward prediction, anticipation and reward consumption. The aim of the paradigm is to maximize gain and avoid loss by fast reaction upon presentation of a target stimulus. A trial starts with the presentation of a cue, indicating the potential gain or loss (e.g., -1€, +3€). After a variable delay of for instance 3-5 seconds the target stimulus is shown, and subjects press a button as fast as possible. If the reaction is within a given time limit the amount is gained or loss avoided. Otherwise, the amount is not gained or lost. Each button press is followed by immediate feedback, showing the outcome and the accumulated amount of money. |
| Sexual arousal task | From enrolment until the last imaging session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | This task has been implemented by our group to assess changes to sexual arousal, a central and burdensome, yet often understudied, component of anhedonia. During this task, subjects are presented images intended to be sexually arousing and are instructed to denote the extent to which they find the image arousing. |
| Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The CFI is a 20-item self-report measure to assess two aspects of cognitive flexibility: the adaptive ability to perceive multiple alternative explanations for life occurrences and the ability to generate multiple alternative solutions to difficult situations, as well as having an internal locus of control, or the tendency to perceive difficult situations as somewhat controllable. |
| Intensity rating | From enrolment until the second medication session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | A self-reported rating of the subjective intensity of the acute psychedelic experience will be collected after each medication session on a scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extreme). |
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The WEMWBS is a self-report scale which will be used to assess mental well-being over the course of study participation. |
| Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The BDI is a self-rated scale which is used to assess symptoms of depression. |
| Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The MADRS is a observer-rated scale which is used to assess symptoms of depression. |
| Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The DARS is a self-report scale that measures anhedonia across four domains on a five-point-likert scale. |
| Aesthetic Experiences Scale (AES) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The AES is a self-report scale which is used to assess aesthetic experiences in the form of 'aesthetic chills', the response of goose bumps and shivers in response to the arts. |
| Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The TEPS is a self-rating scale which is used to assess the experience of anticipatory and consummatory experiences of pleasure. |
| Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The BMRQ is a psychometric scale designed to assess different factors underlying the experience of music reward, as measured through 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale. |
| 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating (5D-ASC) | From enrolment until the second medication session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | Properties of the psychedelic experience as assessed via the 5D-ASC, a a 94-item self-report scale that assesses the participants' alterations from normal waking Consciousness. |
| Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) | From enrolment until the second medication session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | Properties of the psychedelic experience as assessed via the MEQ30, a 30 point self-rated scale, which is used to measure the intensity of common aspects of a psychedelic experience (divided into mystical, positive mood, transendence of time and space, and ineffability). |
| Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) | From enrolment until the second medication session (up to 8 weeks after enrolment) | Properties of the psychedelic experience as assessed via the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), an instrument designed to measure challenging psychological experiences associated with the acute effects of psychedelics. |
| Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | The CD-RISC is a self-rating scale which is used to assess changes in study participants' resilience over the course of their participation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cytokine panel | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | Changes in proinflammaotry cytokines, suchz as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which have been associated with depression and anhedonia, assessed via Legendplex cytokine panel |
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration | From enrolment until the last follow-up session (expected at about 12 weeks after enrolment) | Changes in blood markers which have been associated with depression and anhedonia, assessed via BDNF concentration. |
| Neural activity | Over the course of the three MRI sessions (3-14 days after enrolment, 1 day after the first medication session, 6 weeks after the second measurement) | Neural activity during MID and sexual arousal task, assessed via fMRI measurement. |
| Brain network dynamic complexity | Over the course of the three MRI sessions (3-14 days after enrolment, 1 day after the first medication session, 6 weeks after the second measurement) | Brain complexity measures during the hedonic experience assessed with fMRI, as assesed via integrated information decomposition and BOLD variability |
Countries
Austria
Contacts
CONTACTMarie Spies, Priv.-Doz. DDr.
CONTACTClemens Schmidt, MD
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMarie Spies, Priv.-Doz. DDr.
Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry
Outcome results
None listed