Shoulder Pain, Healthy Adult
Conditions
Keywords
rotator cuff related shoulder pain, rotator cuff tendinopathy, shoulder pain, tendon thickness, exercise, subacromial pain, ultrasound
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to understand acute tendon changes after two exercise programs. We will invite individuals with and without shoulder pain to participate in this study. Every individual will participate in both exercise programs separated by up to 15 days. The researcher will evaluate the shoulder tendon using ultrasound before each exercise program and at 1 hour, 6 hours and 24 hours after each exercise program. The researcher will also evaluate self reported pain, pain sensitivity testing, and self reported questionnaires. We will compare the tendon changes after each exercise program, as well as between participants with and without shoulder pain.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALIsotonic exercise program
Participants will perform two isotonic exercises, prone shoulder external rotation and shoulder elevation. The exercises will be performed at a pace of 2-second for both concentric and eccentric phases. For each exercise, participants will perform two sets of 8 repetitions, followed by a third set performed until fatigue. Fatigue will be determined using the Repetition in Reserve Scale, which asks the participant to perform exercises until they reach a self-selected number corresponding to the number of repetitions left that a participant could still complete if needed. We will ask participants to continue the third set until they reach a Repetition in Reserve number of 1. The rest period will be 30 seconds between sets and 2 minutes between exercises. The exercise load will be selected after manual maximal isometric strength testing using a handheld dynamometer. A 40% of the strength testing will be used for exercises in both groups following strength guidelines.
BEHAVIORALPlyometric exercise program
Participants will perform two isotonic exercises, prone shoulder external rotation and shoulder elevation. The exercises will be performed at a pace of 1-second for the eccentric phases followed by an explosive concentric phase. For each exercise, participants will perform two sets of 8 repetitions, followed by a third set performed until fatigue. Fatigue will be determined using the Repetition in Reserve Scale, which asks the participant to perform exercises until they reach a self-selected number corresponding to the number of repetitions left that a participant could still complete if needed. Participants will complete the third set until they reach a Repetition in Reserve number of 1. The rest period will be 30 seconds between sets and 2 minutes between exercises. The exercise load will be selected after manual maximal isometric strength testing using a handheld dynamometer. A 40% of the strength testing will be used for exercises in both groups following strength guidelines.
Sponsors
University of Florida
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
The cross-over randomized clinical trial will have two exercise exposures (plyometric and isotonic). We will recruit individuals with and without shoulder pain. Both groups will perform each exercise exposure. In between the two exposures, each group will have a washout period of one week (± 3 days). Outcomes will be collected before each exercise exposure (baseline 1 and baseline 2), and after each exercise exposure (follow-up assessment 1 and 2). Each follow-up assessment involves data collection at three time points: 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the exercise exposure.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
General inclusion criteria 1. Between 18 and 45 years of age 2. Able to perform physical activity with their shoulder (moderate arm exercise for 15 min, such as tennis or housework) General
Exclusion criteria
1. Shoulder fracture 2. Frozen shoulder (\>50% restriction in shoulder range of motion) 3. Shoulder surgery 4. Full rotator-cuff tears 5. Bilateral shoulder pain 6. Shoulder instability (history or positive apprehension test) 7. Corticosteroid injection in the last 6 weeks 8. Neurological diseases 9. Cardiological diseases 10. Systemic diseases (rheumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases) 11. Uncontrolled diabetes 12. Pregnancy Group-specific inclusion criteria 1. Shoulder pain group: report unilateral shoulder pain with an average shoulder pain score of≥ 3 in the last week. 2. Control group: report no shoulder pain within 6 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Supraspinatus tendon thickness | From enrollment to 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours after each exercise program. | The investigators will use ultrasound to take pictures of the supraspinatus tendons. Established ultrasound procedures will be used to measure supraspinatus tendon thickness. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain sensitivity testing | From enrollment to 1 hour, 6 hours, and 24 hours after each exercise program. | The investigators will apply pressure at a constant rate using a computerized pressure algometer with a 1 cm diameter rubber tip at the shoulder and the lower limb. |
| Self-reported pain | From enrollment to 1, 6, and 24 hours after each exercise program. | We will use an 11-point numeric pain rating scale to measure the shoulder pain perceived by the participant. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTIgnacio A Raguzzi, PT
Outcome results
None listed