Heart Failure
Conditions
Brief summary
This prospective multicenter observational study will validate the accuracy of a previously developed artificial intelligence-enabled single-lead electrocardiogram (AI-ECG) model for identifying low ejection fraction and other structural heart disease phenotypes. Adult participants receiving a model-compatible single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (Apple Watch and QOCA ECG102D) and transthoracic echocardiography at five hospitals in Taiwan will be enrolled between March 1, 2026 and June 30, 2026. Model predictions will be compared with echocardiographic reference standards obtained within 30 days after the index ECG.
Interventions
A single-lead Lead-I ECG recorded using a device compatible with the prespecified AI-ECG pipeline and analyzed offline by the locked AI model.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* Age 20 years or older * Single-lead ECG recorded using a study-compatible device * Ability to comply with study procedures and, when applicable, provide informed consent according to local institutional review board (IRB) requirements * No transthoracic echocardiography performed within 90 days before the index ECG
Exclusion criteria
* ECG signal quality insufficient for prespecified AI analysis * No transthoracic echocardiography available within 30 days after the index ECG * Echocardiography unavailable or technically inadequate for determining left ventricular ejection fraction (EF)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve for Detection of Low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction | 30 days | AUC with 95% confidence interval for detection of low EF, defined as echocardiographic LVEF ≤40%, by the pre-specified AI-enabled single-lead ECG model. |
| Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, and Negative Predictive Value for Low EF Detection at the Pre-specified Operating Threshold | 30 days | Diagnostic operating characteristics of the locked AI model for low EF at the pre-specified threshold. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value for Structural Heart Disease at the Pre-specified Operating Threshold | 30 days | Prevalence of structural heart disease in patients identified as positive and negative by AI-ECG for detecting low EF, including left atrial enlargement, valvular heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, etc. |
| Difference in All-Cause Mortality Risk at the Pre-specified Operating Threshold | 90 days | All-cause mortality risk in patients identified as positive and negative by AI-ECG for detecting low EF. |
Countries
Taiwan
Contacts
National Defense Medical Center