Cardiorespiratory Responses, Respiratory Muscle Function, Sports Performance
Conditions
Keywords
Inspiratory muscle warm-up, combat athletes
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) on technical performance and physiological responses in combat athletes. A total of 20 volunteer athletes (10 males, 10 females), aged 15-22 years, registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation, with at least two years of licensed sports experience and medal achievements at the national or international level, will be included in the study. The study will be conducted using a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover experimental design, in which participants will complete the control (general warm-up), placebo (15% MIP), and IMW (40% MIP) conditions in a random order. In each session, before and after the warm-up, pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF), respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), heart rate, perceived exertion, and dyspnea levels will be assessed. In addition, athletes will perform the Kickboxing Fitness Test (KFT), and the same measurements will be repeated during the rest intervals of the test and immediately after its completion. The IMW protocol will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of MIP, consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths. Furthermore, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) tests will be conducted to evaluate the athletes' general physiological capacity. This study is expected to provide original data for the field of sports sciences by demonstrating the potential contributions of inspiratory muscle warm-up to the improvement of technical skills and physiological capacity in combat athletes, and to generate practical scientific recommendations for coaches and athletes.
Interventions
DEVICEPOWERbreathe
Inspiratory muscle warm-up will be performed using a POWERbreathe device at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), consisting of 2 sets of 30 breaths before the test procedures.
Sponsors
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Intervention model description
Participants will undergo control, placebo, and inspiratory muscle warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover order.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 22 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Male and female combat athletes aged 15 to 22 years * Registered with the Turkish Kickboxing and Muay Thai Federation * Regularly engaged in training * At least 2 years of licensed sports experience * Having won medals at the national or international level
Exclusion criteria
* Presence of respiratory disease * Presence of cardiopulmonary disease
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Kickboxing Fitness Test performance | Across 3 study days, measured immediately after each intervention session. | The Kickboxing Fitness Test is a valid and reliable field-based assessment designed to evaluate sport-specific technical skills and anaerobic performance in kickboxers.The test consists of 3 rounds of 2 minutes each, separated by 1 minute of passive recovery. In each round, athletes complete four 30-second technical sections involving punch and kick combinations, with 10 m running between stations, while aiming to perform each technique with maximal speed and accuracy. |
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the maximum total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after taking the deepest possible breath in. |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of a pulmonary function test. |
| Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second to Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC), used to assess airflow limitation during pulmonary function testing. |
| Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the highest flow rate achieved during a forceful expiration after taking the deepest possible breath in, used to reflect expiratory flow capacity. |
| Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful inspiration against a closed airway, used to assess inspiratory muscle strength. |
| Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | This is the maximum pressure generated during a forceful expiration against a closed airway, used to assess expiratory muscle strength. |
| Heart Rate (HR) | Across 3 study days, throughout the entire test session | This is the number of heart beats per minute, used to assess the cardiovascular response to exercise and recovery. |
| Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be measured to evaluate the participants' subjective perceptual responses. These measurements are used to assess the overall perception of physical strain in response to exercise. The level of perceived exertion will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which was developed and modified by Foster et al. (2001) and includes ratings ranging from 0 to 10. This scale allows participants to rate the overall difficulty they experience during exercise from 0 (nothing at all) to 10 (maximal difficulty). |
| Perceived Dyspnea | Across 3 study days, at baseline, immediately after the 15-minute standard warm-up, immediately before and after the intervention, during each 1-minute rest interval of the Kickboxing Fitness Test (every 2 minutes), and immediately after the test | Perceived dyspnea will be assessed using the Category Ratio-10 (CR-10) scale, which enables participants to report their level of respiratory discomfort or breathing difficulty. Scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater breathing difficulty. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Contacts
CONTACTNazlıcan Toprak, MSc
STUDY_DIRECTORÖzgür Bostancı
University of ondokuz mayıs
Outcome results
None listed