Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 3, Astrocytoma, IDH-Mutant, Grade 4, Diffuse Astrocytoma, Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype, Malignant Glioma
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase I/II trial tests the safety, side effects best dose and effect of retifanlimab with or without difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) for the treatment of high grade gliomas that are growing, spreading, or getting worse (progressive). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as retifanlimab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. DFMO is in a class of medications called ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of a substance that signals tumor cells to multiply. This helps stop or slow the spread of tumor cells. Giving retifanlimab with or without DFMO mat be safe, tolerable and/or effective in treating patients with progressive high grade glioma.
Interventions
DRUGEflornithine
Given PO
PROCEDURELumbar Puncture
Undergo lumbar puncture
PROCEDUREBiospecimen Collection
Undergo blood and CSF collection
PROCEDUREMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Undergo MRI
BIOLOGICALRetifanlimab
Given IV
PROCEDURETumor Resection
Undergo resection surgery
Sponsors
Mayo Clinic
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Patients are assigned to group A or B. Patients in group B are randomized to 1 of 2 arms (group B1 or B2)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age ≥ 18 years * Diagnosis of high-grade glioma, including any of the following: * Glioblastoma, IDH-wild type (WT) * Grade 3 or 4 IDH1/2 mutant astrocytoma or * Grade 3 oligodendroglioma * Any prior grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma that is suspected to have recurred at a higher grade * Other high-grade glioma * Plan for surgical resection as part of routine clinical care * Radiographic disease progression, with or without tissue confirmation * Measurable disease * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0, 1 or 2 and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 60 * NOTE: PS must be assessed (again) within 7 days prior to first dose of study drug * Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm\^3 (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm\^3 (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ≤ 3 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for patients with liver involvement) (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 45 ml/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Negative pregnancy test done ≤ 7 days prior to registration, for persons of childbearing potential only * Provide written informed consent for the current study * Willing to provide consent for the Neuro-oncology biorepository (IRB 12-003458) for archiving of tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and/or blood samples * Ability to complete forms by themselves or with assistance * Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the Active Monitoring Phase of the study)
Exclusion criteria
* Any of the following because this study involves an investigational agent, the genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of which on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown: * Pregnant persons * Nursing persons * Persons of childbearing potential or able to father a child who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness that by the judgement of the investigator would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the regimens including, but not limited to: * ongoing or active infection (e.g., pneumonia, sepsis, etc.) requiring systemic therapy * current diagnosis or previous history of immune-related (non-infectious) pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease that requires or required steroids * active autoimmune disease that required systemic treatment other than replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroids) ≤ 2 years prior to registration * symptomatic congestive heart failure * unstable angina pectoris * psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements (e.g., drug addiction) * concurrent active Hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] positive and/or detectable hepatitis B virus \[HBV\] deoxyribonucleic acid \[DNA\]) and Hepatitis C virus (defined as anti-hepatitis C virus \[HCV\] antibody \[Ab\] positive and detectable HCV ribonucleic acid \[RNA\]) infection EXCEPTIONS: * Patients with evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBsAg positive) must have completed at least 4 weeks of HBV antiviral therapy, and the HBV viral load must be undetectable at the time of registration * Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load. Patients must have completed curative anti-viral treatment ≥ 4 weeks prior to registration. * NOTE: Patients without symptoms or prior history do not require testing prior to registration * Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease that would make the patient inappropriate for entry into the study or interfere with proper assessment of safety and toxicity * History of myocardial infarction ≤ 6 months prior to registration or congestive heart failure requiring use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias * Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment (other than replacement therapy) ≤ 1 year prior to registration * History of allogeneic stem cell transplant * Receiving any other investigational agent with therapeutic intent * Participants who are unable to swallow the DFMO solution or who are at risk for impaired absorption of oral medication. * NOTE: This restriction includes, but is not limited to, refractory vomiting, gastric resection/bypass, and duodenal/jejunal resection * Patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to DFMO or retifanlimab * Contraindication to MRI or administration of gadolinium
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Best tolerable dose level of Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, or eflornithine) (phase I) | Up to 5 years | Will use a modified Bayesian Optimal Interval phase I/II (BOIN12) trial design to identify a dose level that is tolerable and has sufficient/optimal pharmacodynamic effects \[e.g., maximum tolerated dose (MTD)\]. Will evaluate toxicity up front to determine dose levels that have acceptable tolerability. Both dose limiting toxicity and pharmacodynamic activity will be used to identify the best dose to bring forward for the phase IIa portion. |
| Change in T cell/myeloid cell ratio (phase IIa) | From baseline up to 5 years | Will use a log2 transformation of this percentage measure. Will summarize this within each of the treatment arms, and will compare these measures between arms using a two-sample t-test or a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test if not sufficiently normally distributed. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T cell/myeloid cell ratio | From baseline up to 5 years | Will use a two-sample t-test or the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate whether the combination of eflornithine (DFMO) and retifanlimab increases the average increase in the T cell/myeloid cell ratio versus with retifanlimab alone. |
| Myeloid cell abundance | Up to 5 years | Will use a two-sample t-test or the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate if the combination of DFMO and retifanlimab increases the average increase in the T cell/myeloid cell ratio versus with retifanlimab alone. |
| Extracellular cytokines/ chemokines | Up to 5 years | Will evaluate concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, CSCL9 and CCL5 in tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and how these correspond or correlate to each other. |
| Incidence of adverse events (AE) | Up to 5 years | Assessed according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. The number, type, and grade of adverse events will be summarized for each treatment arm. |
| Progression free survival (PFS) | Up to 5 years | Defined as the time from randomization to the time of documented progression and/or death due to any cause. Will be evaluated based on the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
CONTACTClinical Trials Referral Office
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORTerence C. Burns, MD, PhD
Mayo Clinic
Outcome results
None listed